{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:44:12Z","timestamp":1791020652544,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,21]],"date-time":"2003-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has become increasingly evident that the endothelium plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of valvular heart disease. The endothelium helps regulate vascular tone, inflammation, thrombosis, and vascular remodeling. Dysfunction of the endothelial cells has been linked to many vascular disorders including atherosclerosis. Common valvular diseases such as senile degenerative valve disease, myxomatous (or floppy) valves, rheumatic valves, and infective endocarditis valves show changes in the synthetic, morphologic, and metabolic functions of the valvular endothelial cells. These diseases are active processes related to endothelial cell dysfunction. Endothelial cell dysfunction is caused by mechanical forces, bacterial infection, autoantibodies, and circulating modulators of endothelial cell function. This study reviews the role of endothelial cell dysfunction in the more common valvular diseases. Continued research on endothelial cell dysfunction is crucial to our understanding of valvular heart diseases and may elucidate novel treatment and prevention strategies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:129\u2013137, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,22]],"date-time":"2003-01-22T17:15:54Z","timestamp":1043255754000},"page":"129-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Endothelium and valvular diseases of the heart"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Leask","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelesh","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagdish","family":"Butany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update","author":"American Heart Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(20000101)258:1<47::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"599","article-title":"Platelet aggregation at sites of minimal endothelial injury. An electron microscopic study","volume":"53","author":"Ashford TP","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80345-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90799-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3701.095949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00057-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000159147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(75)90119-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198209233071302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041640210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy studies of staphylococcal adherence to heart valve endothelial cells in organ culture: an in vitro model of acute endocarditis","author":"Cooper MD","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scan Electron Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1990440"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00150-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(97)06118-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.72.2.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Hemodynamic forces and vascular cell communication in arteries","volume":"116","author":"Davies PF","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198502000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/20.10.760"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"S69","article-title":"Shear stress gradients (SSG) regulate endothelial permeability to macromolecules in vitro","volume":"28","author":"DePaola N","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann of Biomed Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(76)80008-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90339-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"622","article-title":"Statin\u2010stimulated nitric oxide release from endothelium","volume":"7","author":"Dobrucki LW","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00457-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Diagnostic electron microscopy","author":"Ferrans VJ","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890008998830"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.134.10.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01484-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7132"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Experimental endocarditis I. Staphylococcal endocarditis in rabbits resulting from placement of a polyethylene catheter in the right side of the heart","volume":"42","author":"Garrison PK","year":"1970","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00241-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.13.2.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615903","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamic forces, and atherosclerosis","volume":"82","author":"Gimbrone MA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries","volume":"112","author":"Glagov S","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.64.1.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Surface structure of the human cardiac valve. A comparative study of normal and diseased valves","volume":"19","author":"Harasaki H","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb43364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.10.3610"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(19990701)255:3<252::AID-AR2>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/27.12.2125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.1999.tb00953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200108000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.3.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium of normal tissue vessels and vascular tumors","volume":"69","author":"Kuzu I","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"H931","article-title":"Adaptations of carotid arteries of young and mature rabbits to reduced carotid blood flow","volume":"25","author":"Langille BL.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700960207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-8807(95)00052-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90719-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.7.2767.2767"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-46-2-255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.3.368"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"The endothelium: roles in thrombosis and hemostasis","volume":"101","author":"Mason RG","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00389-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02572-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.11.1522"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199908000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(200005)191:1<54::AID-PATH568>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.3.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2891384"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.23.2803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4301.098249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.10.1648"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.8.2163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90606-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.2.844"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.233.8.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62520-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511752629.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.3.C797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.61.3.496"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90322-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318076"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411013111804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(84)90010-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1895-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1998.0841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"Cardiovascular pathology","author":"Silver MD","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90543-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-8807(95)00001-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.01002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Staphylococcal infective endocarditis","volume":"57","author":"Thompson RL","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90067-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60554-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-84-5-543"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2001.0922"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Bacterial adherence to fibronectin and endothelial cells: a possible mechanism for bacterial tissue tropism","volume":"103","author":"Vercellotti GM","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"Risk, diagnosis and management of prosthetic valve endocarditis: a review","volume":"6","author":"Vlessis AA","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.48.3.644"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.78.2.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The aortic valve blood supply","volume":"9","author":"Weind KL","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2604","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2604","article-title":"Oxygen diffusion and consumption of aortic valve cusps","volume":"281","author":"Weind KL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.144.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.57.3.264"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","first-page":"793","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy of infective endocarditis","author":"Wright JP","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scan Electron Microsc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.2.351"}],"container-title":["Microscopy Research and Technique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.10251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T19:18:33Z","timestamp":1760642313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jemt.10251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,21]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jemt.10251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.10251","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-910X","1097-0029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-910X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,21]]}}}