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Electron microscopic studies demonstrate that the fibers and varicosities observed in light microscopic preparations of many brain regions are small\u2010diameter unmyelinated axons and vesicle\u2010containing boutons. The labeled boutons generally contain clear vesicles and one or more mitochondrial profiles. Many of these boutons form synaptic contacts, and the synapses are frequently of the symmetric type, displaying thin postsynaptic densities and relatively short contact zones. However, ChAT\u2010labeled synapses with asymmetric junctions are also observed, and their frequency varies among different brain regions. Unlabeled dendritic shafts are the most common postsynaptic elements in virtually all regions examined although other neuronal elements, including dendritic spines and neuronal somata, also receive some cholinergic innervation. ChAT\u2010labeled boutons form synaptic contacts with several different types of unlabeled neurons within the same brain region. Such findings are consistent with a generally diffuse pattern of cholinergic innervation in many parts of the central nervous system. Despite many similarities in the characteristics of ChAT\u2010labeled synapses, there appears to be some heterogeneity in the cholinergic innervation within as well as among brain regions. Differences are observed in the sizes of ChAT\u2010immunoreactive boutons, the types of synaptic contacts, and the predominant postsynaptic elements. Thus, the cholinergic system presents interesting challenges for future studies of the morphological organization and related function of cholinergic synapses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1060150103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T08:56:59Z","timestamp":1109235419000},"page":"2-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system: Studies of the immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carolyn R.","family":"Houser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902400104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902490211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902160106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902500108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902290305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902590209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90165-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90083-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Mechanisms of muscarinic excitatory synaptic transmission in ganglia and brain. 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