{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:25:00Z","timestamp":1790418300022,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4783,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>When 20\u2010day\u2010old rats are placed on a vitamin A deficient diet (VAD) for a period of 10 weeks, the seminiferous tubules are found to contain only Sertoli cells, a few residual A<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>, A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> spermatogonia, and preleptotene spermatocytes (PL). The type A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> spermatogonia and PL spermatocytes are arrested in their G<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> phase. In VAD rats type A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010A<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, intermediate (In) and B spermatogonia and all types of spermatocytes (except PL spermatocytes) and spermatids are eliminated from the seminiferous tubules. Two questions were raised in this investigation: (1) Is there, in VAD rats, any correlation between a breakdown of the blood\u2010testis barrier (e.g., Sertoli cell tight junctions) and germ cell loss? (2) Is the disappearance of most germinal cells due to their degeneration during spermatogenesis or to a maturation depletion process resulting from an arrest of spermatogenesis at the spermatogonial stage? To investigate these questions four groups of male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats (20\u2010days old) were fed a VAD diet for 7 to 12 weeks. The testes were fixed by perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate containing 2% lanthanum nitrate, an electron opaque tracer used to test the patency of Sertoli cell tight junctions. The lanthanum permeated the intercellular space of the basal compartment but was arrested by normal inter\u2014Sertoli cell tight junctions. The seminiferous epithelium showed numerous degenerating germ cells, some being internalized by Sertoli cells as membrane\u2010bound phagosomes. Thus, these results indicate firstly that inter\u2014Sertoli cell tight junctions remain intact during vitamin A deficiency, and secondly that in a first phase nonviable germinal cells degenerate during spermatogenesis and their residues are actively phagocytosed by Sertoli cells followed by a second phase where the regressed state of the seminiferous epithelium is maintained by a maturation depletion condition resulting from an arrest of spermatogonial proliferation and differentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070200106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]],"date-time":"2005-02-23T17:55:30Z","timestamp":1109181330000},"page":"43-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of vitamin A deficiency on the inter\u2014Sertoli cell tight junctions and on the germ cell population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nermine","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/101.2.141","article-title":"Local stimulatory effect of vitamin A on spermatogenesis in the rat","volume":"101","author":"Ahluwalia B.","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. 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