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Ultrastructural descriptions of pinealocytes belonging to some 70 species of mammals (a mere 2% or less of the over 4,200 mammalian species) have been summarized from the available literature with new observations on 12 species of chiropterans. Space limitation precluded any treatment of the supporting glia, neural elements, and the perivascular spaces. A detailed table lists nearly all mammalian species whose pineal ultrastructure has been investigated. Blanks in this table point to the necessity of studies on those particular groups. A tabular listing of unusual structures reported within the pinealocyte cytoplasm points out the impending experimental work on these species. Such studies using the latest techniques might provide clearer insights into the functional role of the pineal gland as an important and integral component of the neuroendocrine axis. Whereas sufficient structural information now exists on cytoplasmic organelles such as synaptic ribbons and spherules, annulate lamellae, subsurface cisterns, and the several types of synaptic arrangements seen in relation to the pinealocyte soma and its processes, the functional role of these structures in pineal synthetic processes remains to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070210203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]],"date-time":"2005-02-23T17:48:48Z","timestamp":1109180928000},"page":"85-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The ultrastructure of mammalian pinealocytes: A systematic investigation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kunwar P.","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00220349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy and X\u2010ray micrcanalysis of the human pineal body with emphasis on calcareous concretions","volume":"13","author":"Allen D. 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