{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T10:46:14Z","timestamp":1761821174555,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3383,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is an important viral opportunistic infection of oligodendrocytes leading to direct demyelination. Virus is likely disseminated to the brain via the blood. However, the timing of that dissemination with relationship to clinical disease is unknown. Important clues about viral pathogenesis have been learned by applying molecular in situ techniques to diseased brain. The oligodendrocyte is the primary target for JC virus infection, and its death is the primary reason for demyelination. Bizarre astrocytes show limited viral DNA replication but are abortively infected. Although lymphoid organs can be infected by JC virus, there is no definitive evidence that lymphoid cells carry virus into the brain at the time of immunosuppression. JC virus may be reactivated from a latent state in both the brain and in non\u2010central nervous system (CNS) organs at the time of immunosuppression, leading to clinical disease. Future sensitive in situ studies will likely resolve controversies about pathogenesis. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070320405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,23]],"date-time":"2005-02-23T16:23:52Z","timestamp":1109175832000},"page":"302-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: A review of the pathology and pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Allen J.","family":"Aksamit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60701-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"A177","article-title":"JC virus is not present in B\u2010cells in PML brain","volume":"43","author":"Aksamit A. J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"JC virus replicates in primary adult human astrocytes in culture","volume":"24","author":"Aksamit A. J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.4.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.7.1073"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/81.1.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.9.1845-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-1-78"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31105-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890110406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90167-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.51.2.458-469.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01378975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00867351"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.11.1733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802043180507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.211583"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.8.4515-4519.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-8508(91)90006-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1992.tb04031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90883-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"250","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Neuropathology","author":"Okazaki H.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91777-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"718","article-title":"Differential Neuro\u2010oncogenicity of strains of JC virus, a human polyoma virus, in newborn Syrian hamsters","volume":"37","author":"Padgett B. L.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90855-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"342","article-title":"Evidence for JC virus in two progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) brains previously reported to be infected with SV40","volume":"50","author":"Stoner G. L.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02098091"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310426"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2221-4_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Polyomaviruses and Human Neurological Disease","author":"Walker D. L.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.10.5726-5734.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.148.3676.1477"}],"container-title":["Microscopy Research and Technique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjemt.1070320405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.1070320405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T15:14:54Z","timestamp":1760627694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jemt.1070320405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jemt.1070320405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.1070320405","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-910X","1097-0029"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1059-910X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0029"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]}}}