{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:45:50Z","timestamp":1778661950448,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,17]],"date-time":"2001-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1003276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neural cell adhesion molecule (N\u2010CAM, Leu\u201019, CD 56) expression appears during muscle fiber regeneration and after denervation. Sarcolemma\u2010associated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) I, however, disappears from denervated myofibers. The dynamics of expression of both proteins were studied in 5 cases of acute\/subacute denervation, 28 cases of chronic denervation with and without collateral reinnervation, 5 cases of the intermediate type spinal muscular atrophy (SMA 2), and in 2 normal biopsies. NOS I and its NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) activity disappeared from the sarcolemma region shortly after denervation, and before the appearance of denervation atrophy. N\u2010CAM was found diffusely distributed in the sarcoplasm at the most severe phase of denervation atrophy in the majority of highly atrophic fibers. During reinnervation, NOS I expression remained absent and in part of the cases the target\/targetoid phenomenon appeared. In parallel with the increase in volume of the reinnervated muscle fibers, the intensity of N\u2010CAM immunoreactivity decreased progressively. After full restitution of muscle fiber caliber, the target\/targetoid phenomenon and N\u2010CAM immunostaining disappeared completely, and, finally, NOS I reappeared in the sarcolemma region. The sarcolemmal expression of dystrophin and dystrophin\u2010associated proteins was unchanged during denervation. NOS I was completely absent in children with SMA 2, since the protein does not appear before 5 years of age in skeletal muscle, while N\u2010CAM was very intensely expressed in the sarcoplasm of highly atrophic denervated muscle fibers. In conclusion, this study suggests that innervation is an important factor for selective gene expression and positioning of NOS I and N\u2010CAM in skeletal muscle and gives practical information for the assessment of the phase and developmental stage of the denervation and reinnervation process. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:187\u2013197, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T15:52:11Z","timestamp":1030290731000},"page":"187-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Expression of Leu\u201019 (CD56, N\u2010CAM) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) I in denervated and reinnervated human skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Georg","family":"Gosztonyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Naschold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zarko","family":"Grozdanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Stoltenburg\u2010Didinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhart","family":"Gossrau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"832","volume-title":"Myology: basic and clinical","author":"Banker BQ","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04091.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)39925-8","article-title":"Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. 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