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I will argue that the historical terminology regarding this cranial nerve embraces a definition of a terminal nerve that is compatible with its existence in all vertebrate species. This review further summarizes classical and more recent anatomical, developmental, neurochemical, and molecular evidence suggesting that a multitude of terminalis cell types, not only those expressing gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone, migrate various distances into the forebrain. This results in numerous morphological and neurochemically distinct phenotypes of neurons, with a continuum spanning from olfactory receptor\u2010like neurons in the olfactory epithelium to typical large ganglion cells that accompany the classical olfactory projections. These cell bodies may lose their peripheral connections with the olfactory epithelium, and their central projections or cell bodies may enter the forebrain at several locations. Since \u201colfactory\u201d marker proteins can be expressed in bona fide nervus terminalis cells, so\u2010called extrabulbar \u201colfactory\u201d projections may be a collection of disguised nervus terminalis components. If we do not allow this pleiomorphic collection of nerves to be considered within a terminal nerve framework, then the only alternative is to invent a highly species\u2010 and stage\u2010specific, and, ultimately, thoroughly confusing nomenclature for neurons and nerve fibers that associate with the olfactory nerve and forebrain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 65:13\u201324, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,29]],"date-time":"2004-11-29T18:16:28Z","timestamp":1101752188000},"page":"13-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The terminal nerve and its relation with extrabulbar \u201colfactory\u201d projections: Lessons from lampreys and lungfishes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Von Bartheld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050120302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90172-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11580-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900300402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00216475"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903420112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studien zur Morphologie des Nervensystems der Wirbelthiere I. 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