{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:02:21Z","timestamp":1789588941083,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]],"date-time":"2005-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1121904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous highly fluorescent macrophages (M\u03a6), designated \u201csmoker cells,\u201d exist in the lungs of smokers and subjects who have quit smoking within 5 years. The brightly fluorescent M\u03a6, however, are not present in the lungs of never smokers. Some investigators have speculated that the intense fluorescence of the M\u03a6 is due to smoke\u2010induced changes in the autofluorescence of naturally occurring (i.e., endogenous) compounds (e.g., NADP). In contrast, other researchers have theorized that the fluorescence is due to the uptake of tobacco smoke particulates (i.e., \u201ctar\u201d). Studies reported herein were undertaken to test the hypothesis that the origin of the M\u03a6 fluorescence could be profiled with the novel technologies afforded by spectral confocal laser scanning microscopy (sCLSM) and multispectral cytometry (MSC). To this end, spectral emissions were obtained by sCLSM of optical sections of live M\u03a6 isolated from fresh surgically excised human lung tissue and in air\u2010dried lung tissue imprints. Confirmation of spectral profiles of these single cell observations was obtained in population studies with the use of high\u2010throughput MSC in which multispectral analyses were performed with three different lasers. Proof of concept experiments demonstrated that relatively nonfluorescent M\u03a6 from the lungs of nonsmokers became fluorescent upon short\u2010term ex vivo exposure to tobacco smoke tar. Summarily, the studies reported herein document that the fluorescence of human lung M\u03a6 is due to tobacco tar. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:79\u201389, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]],"date-time":"2005-07-21T16:47:35Z","timestamp":1121964455000},"page":"79-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fluorescent human lung macrophages analyzed by spectral confocal laser scanning microscopy and multispectral cytometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"John L.","family":"Pauly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwumere E.","family":"Nwogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine M.","family":"Paszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.5006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-1425(00)00495-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1955)8:4<673::AID-CNCR2820080404>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"892","article-title":"Study of localization of and molecular interaction of biologically active compounds in living cells and tissue slides based on confocal microscopy and reconstruction of the spectral images","volume":"12","author":"Feofanov AV","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bioorg Khim"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Raman microscopy: taking chemical microscopy to the next level","volume":"35","author":"Foster B","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"6367","article-title":"Smoking increases carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human lung tissue","volume":"61","author":"Goldman R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(03)00026-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(03)80002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2443.2002.00575.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Handbook of fluorescent probes and research products","author":"Haugland RP","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.2.594-600.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Evaluation of cigarette filter efficiency by photofluorometry","volume":"4","author":"McConnell WV","year":"1960","journal-title":"Tob Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx0100901"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Fibers released from cigarette filters: an additional health risk to the smoker?","volume":"55","author":"Pauly JL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-5348-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1416"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Perspectives in cancer research and treatment","author":"Pickren JW","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.100.4.1295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)61534-0","article-title":"Mechanism and rate of permeation of cells by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"262","author":"Plant AL","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(86)90068-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Report of the NCI Expert Committee.1996.National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute. 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