{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:10:28Z","timestamp":1789985428586,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]],"date-time":"2006-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ionic composition of the airway surface liquid (ASL) in healthy individuals and in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been debated. Ion transport properties of the upper airway epithelium are similar to those of the lower airways and it is easier to collect nasal ASL from the nose. ASL was collected with ion exchange beads, and the elemental composition of nasal fluid was determined by X\u2010ray microanalysis in healthy subjects, CF patients, CF heterozygotes, patients with rhinitis, and with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). In healthy subjects, the ionic concentrations were approximately isotonic. In CF patients, CF heterozygotes, rhinitis, and PCD patients, [Na] and [Cl] were significantly higher compared when compared with those in controls. [K] was significantly higher in CF and PCD patients compared with that in controls. Severely affected CF patients had higher ionic concentrations in their nasal ASL than in patients with mild or moderate symptoms. Female CF patients had higher levels of Na, Cl, and K than male patients. As higher salt concentrations in the ASL are also found in other patients with airway diseases involving chronic inflammation, it appears likely that inflammation\u2010induced epithelial damage is important in determining the ionic composition of the ASL. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:271\u2013276, 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]],"date-time":"2006-04-03T16:46:28Z","timestamp":1144082788000},"page":"271-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Composition of nasal airway surface liquid in cystic fibrosis and other airway diseases determined by X\u2010ray microanalysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Vanthanouvong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Kozlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Johannesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"N\u00e4\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.L.","family":"Nordvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dragomir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.M.","family":"Roomans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.9912001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1712984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199605)21:5<267::AID-PPUL1>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.1.8025763"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0631u.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.119.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00230-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.77.6.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518909105409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.1.9703045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.117.5.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.6.1745"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.6_Pt_1.1633"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Early pulmonary inflammation in infants with cystic fibrosis","volume":"155","author":"Khan TZ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"484","article-title":"Measurements of nasal transepithelial electric potential differences in normal human subjects in vivo","volume":"124","author":"Knowles MR","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0456OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00303.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","article-title":"X\u2010ray microanalysis of apical fluid in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell lines","author":"Kozlova I","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1985.131.4.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81724-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00097503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.1.8680677"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200305-628OC"},{"issue":"27","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"272","article-title":"Gender differences during chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice","volume":"38","author":"Moser C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009737909179134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2004.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Standardized lung function testing. 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