{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:04:55Z","timestamp":1778630695595,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]],"date-time":"2009-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxic and potent Chinese Materia Medica (T\/PCMM) has become a hot and sensitive topic as more and more people around the world are interested in the safety of herbal medicines. T\/PCMM is irreplaceable in treating some diseases; but it can easily cause serious problems if confused with other herbal medicines. Accurate identification is essential to ensure their safe use, but up to now, the literature on the authentication of T\/PCMM is scant. Thus, we are undertaking a study of 31 T\/PCMM originating from plants, animals, minerals, and secreta. Our previous study established microscopic observation as a simple, fast, accurate, and convenient method for identifying and authenticating animal and seed T\/PCMM. This study focused on the authentication of flower T\/PCMM as a part of the whole study. The flower T\/PCMM studies were derived from two species, <jats:italic>Datura metel<\/jats:italic> L. (Flos Daturae) and <jats:italic>Rhododendron molle<\/jats:italic> G. Don (Flos Rhododendri Mollis). Other species easily confused with these two were also examined and characterized. Using the microscope camera, normal light and polarized light microscopy, we determined the macroscopic and microscopic features of the flowers; in addition, the oil immersion lens was used to study the pollen grain characteristics. The results demonstrated that flower T\/PCMM can be identified and authenticated using a light microscope equipped with an oil immersion lens. This same equipment can be easily used to characterize other herbal flower medicines. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]],"date-time":"2009-02-10T14:57:44Z","timestamp":1234277864000},"page":"454-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Authentication of the 31 species of toxic and potent Chinese Materia Medica by light microscopy, part 3: Two species of T\/PCMM from flowers and their common adulterants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Chu","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Ping","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hu\u2010Biao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong\u2010Zhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Herbal poisoning caused by adulterants or erroneous substitutes","volume":"97","author":"But PP","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-864166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"857","article-title":"Use of silicon\u2010based oligonucleotide chip in authentication of toxic Chinese medicine","volume":"14","author":"Carles MC","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oxidative Stress Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"156","article-title":"Anticholinergic poisoning due to Chinese herbal medicines","volume":"32","author":"Chan TY","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"The relationship between the antihypertensive function of alcoholic extract of Rhododendron molle and center \u03b1\u2010adrenalin receptor","volume":"4","author":"Chen XJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"J South Med Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Study on the antihypertensive function of alcoholic extract of Rhododendron molle","volume":"3","author":"Chen XJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"J South Med Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Identication of Flos Rhododendri Mollis and Flos Daturae","volume":"14","author":"Chen XL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prim J Chin Mater Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong.1999.The Chinese Medicine Ordinance Schedule 1. 31 types of potent\/toxic Chinese herbal medicines."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China","author":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45968-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Acute intoxication with \u201csobi\u2010lobi\u201d (Datura). Four cases in Niger","volume":"93","author":"Djibo A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Medicinal plants of China","author":"Duke JA","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","series-title":"Medicinal Plants of China","first-page":"606","author":"Duke JA","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"326","article-title":"Effect of alcoholic extract of Rhododendron molle on heart","volume":"9","author":"Fan HY","year":"1989","journal-title":"J South Med Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"One case for report on poisoning of Flos Rhododendri Mollis by taking the wrong medicine","volume":"5","author":"Feng CE","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mod Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Morphologic identification for Flos Campsis and Flos Daturae","volume":"24","author":"Feng XZ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inner Mongol J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India","author":"Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Department of India Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Identification for Flos Campsis and its adulterants","volume":"19","author":"He Y","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tianjin Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"830","article-title":"One case for analyzing poisoning of Flos Daturae","volume":"1","author":"Huang BJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin J Curr Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Six cases of reports on acute poisoning of Flos Daturae","volume":"2","author":"Huang NJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin Pharm Affairs"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Scavenging effect of Korean medicinal plants on the peroxynitrite and total ROS","volume":"9","author":"Kang HS","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Prod Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02977757"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Korea herbal pharmacopoeia","author":"Korea Food and Drug Administration","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503123102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"598","article-title":"Isolation and biological activity of verbascoside, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C from the calyx of Campsis grandiflora","volume":"37","author":"Lee HS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Yakhak Hoechi"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Effect on microcirculation of elderly rats with crude extract of Flos Campsis","volume":"26","author":"Li JP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Herald Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Identification by ultraviolet spectrum of flower drug in Magonliaceae and their adulterants","volume":"9","author":"Li SF","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prim J Chin Mater Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"162","article-title":"Effects of Rhodojaponin III on contractile force of papillary muscles and ion currents in ventricular myocytes of guinea pigs","volume":"36","author":"Liu H","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Med Univ Sci Technol Huazhong"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Experimental observation on anti\u2010epileptic function of Flos Daturae","volume":"7","author":"Liu HX","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Shanxi Coll Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np070096b"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Identification for Flos Campsis. Flos Daturae and Flos Rhododendri Mollis","volume":"21","author":"Peng YK","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jiangxi J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00036-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Pharmacological investigation on the Chinese drug \u201cLing\u2010xiao\u2010hua\u201d (Flos Campsis)","volume":"7","author":"Shen Q","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Studies on the identification of the Chinese drug Flos Campsis grandiflora","volume":"17","author":"Song XH","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Nanjing Coll Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Chinese materia medica (VI)","author":"State Administration of Chinese Medicine","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Chinese materia medica (VII)","author":"State Administration of Chinese Medicine","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"839","article-title":"Identification for Flos Campsis and its adulterant Flos Daturae","volume":"10","author":"Sun XZ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20369"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"1826","article-title":"Protective effects of active fraction and constituents from Flos Daturae on Chinese hamster ovary cells injured by dimethyl sulfoxide","volume":"37","author":"Tang L","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin Tradit Herbal Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"255","volume-title":"A colored atlas of microscopic identification of Chinese Materia Medica in powdered form as specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China","author":"The Pharmacopoeia Commission of the Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Pollen Flora of China","author":"Wang FX","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20500"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20556"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"749","volume-title":"New compendium of Chinese materia medica (II)","author":"Xiao PG","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"300","volume-title":"Species systematization and quality evaluation of commonly used Chinese traditional drugs, South\u2010China edition III","author":"Xu GJ","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"One case of report on atrial ventricular block induced by poisoning of Flos Rhododendri Mollis","volume":"2","author":"Xu JT","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Acad Med Jiangxi"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"A pharmacognostic study on the Chinese drug \u201cLing\u2010xiao\u2010hua\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Xu XR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Acad Med Shanghai"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"A scanning electron microscopical studies of pollen morphology of Campsis","volume":"16","author":"Yang DK","year":"2003","journal-title":"Shandong Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Identification by thin\u2010layer chromatography of flower drug in Magnoliaceae and their adulterants","volume":"19","author":"Ye AL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chin J Chin Mater Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Analgesic effect and toxicity of Flos Rhododendri Mollis and Fructus Rhododendri Mollis","volume":"6","author":"Zhao GJ","year":"1958","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on the chemical constituents of the flower of Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum. and its contraceptive effect","volume":"14","author":"Zhao Q","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"An illustrated Chinese Material Medica in Hong Kong (English version)","author":"Zhao ZZ","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-947209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Study and application of medicinal flower plants in \u201cCompendium Materia Medica\u201d","volume":"9","author":"Zheng GY","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asia\u2010Pac Trad Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np049645t"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1267"}],"container-title":["Microscopy Research and Technique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjemt.20693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.20693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:22:21Z","timestamp":1760631741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jemt.20693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jemt.20693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.20693","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-910X","1097-0029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-910X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,10]]}}}