{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T19:33:19Z","timestamp":1770665599567,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Confusion in the species associated with the name of \u201cBixie\u201d in Chinese Materia Medica began centuries ago. In recent decades, diverse medicinal plants from the genera <jats:italic>Dioscorea<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Smilax<\/jats:italic>, and even minor species from the genus <jats:italic>Heterosmilax<\/jats:italic>, have been documented under the name Bixie or a very similar name as folk medicines in different areas of China. However, the traditional efficacies and chemical profiles of these herbs are not exactly the same and even vary wildly. Comprehensive authentication of multiple Bixie herbs has not yet been attempted. To differentiate and ensure the correct use of these Bixie\u2010related herbs, in this study, seven sorts of representative Bixie herbs (<jats:italic>Dioscorea collettii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>D. zingiberensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>D. nipponica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>D. septemloba<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Smilax china<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. glabra<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Heterosmilax japonica<\/jats:italic>) were characterized based on the microscopic examination of their powders and cryotomed transverse sections. This is not only the first attempt to distinguish Bixie herbs by a comprehensive microscopic techniques, including common light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and polarized light microscopy, but also it is the first research to observe characteristics of transections of crude drugs under polarized lighting for the purpose of authentication. Polarized light has been found to provide a number of unique characteristics. The results indicate that starch granules, stone cells, vascular bundles, and other significant tissue features can be used to authenticate \u201cBixie\u201d herbs. The method was proven to be quick, handy, specific, and simple. It should be widely applicable to other herbal materials. <jats:italic>Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:57\u201370, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T05:26:02Z","timestamp":1384406762000},"page":"57-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A mixed microscopic method for differentiating seven species of \u201cBixie\u201d\u2010related Chinese Materia Medica"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Yina","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xicheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region People's Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Guiyang Collage of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Quanlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Lanlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Jianye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Zhongzhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Guiyang Collage of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"A131","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (English version)","author":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"230","volume-title":"State Administration of Chinese Traditional Medicine of P.R. China","author":"Editorial Committee of Chinese Materia Medica","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"2423","article-title":"Tissue structure of Dioscorea rhizomes and authentication of rhizome Dioscoreae hypoglaueae medicinal plants","volume":"26","author":"Hang YY","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Bot Boreal\u2013Occident. Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Microscopic structure of Dioscorea nipponica","volume":"28","author":"Liu J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Med Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Natural Standard.2013.Professional Monograph: Sarsaparilla (Smilax spp.).www.naturalstandard.com. Accessed October 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-006-0126-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"444","article-title":"Pharmacognostic identification of original plants of rhizoma Dioscoreae nipponica and rhizoma Dioscoreae panthaicae","volume":"23","author":"Tang YN","year":"2008","journal-title":"West China J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20556"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"431","volume-title":"Species systematization and quality evaluation of commonly used Chinese traditional drugs. South\u2010China Edition","author":"Xu GJ","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.05.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20213"}],"container-title":["Microscopy Research and Technique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjemt.22313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.22313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:13:14Z","timestamp":1760631194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jemt.22313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jemt.22313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.22313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-910X","1097-0029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-910X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]}}}