{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:23:49Z","timestamp":1760660629516,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,24]],"date-time":"2014-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: Normal pregnancy is characterized by significant alterations in the haemostatic system accompanied by an augmented risk of thrombosis. <jats:italic>Materials and methods<\/jats:italic>: The fibrin network ultrastructure of different phases of pregnancy, namely early pregnancy (week 8\u201314), late pregnancy (week 36\u201340) as well as post\u2010partum (week 6\u20138 after birth) were compared with nonpregnant fibrin networks as well as each other to establish whether differences in fibrin network morphology exist during pregnancy. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyse fibrin network morphology. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: The fibrin networks from all phases of pregnancy appeared similar to each other, exhibiting prominent coagulant formation, an increase in the formation of minor, thin fibers, and the presence of granular globules. All three phases, however, differ from the typical fibrin network ultrastructure exhibited by the fibrin networks from nonpregnant individuals. The increase in estrogen associated with pregnancy may cause the increase in coagulation factors and ultimately the prothrombotic state characteristic of pregnancy. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Since no differences were apparent between the different phases of pregnancy it suggests that activation of the coagulation system commences with pregnancy and this pro\u2010thrombotic state continues till at least 8 weeks after birth. These results may shed light on possible pathological mechanisms employed in the development of abnormal or ailing pregnancy. <jats:italic>Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:602\u2013608, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,24]],"date-time":"2014-05-24T11:53:23Z","timestamp":1400932403000},"page":"602-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Part 2: Ultrastructural changes of fibrin networks during three phases of pregnancy: A qualitative investigation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Albe C.","family":"Swanepoel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria Arcadia 0007 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barend G.","family":"Lindeque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of Pretoria Arcadia 0007 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of Pretoria Arcadia 0007 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeelha","family":"Abdool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of Pretoria Arcadia 0007 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etheresia","family":"Pretorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria Arcadia 0007 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,24]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00232-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(94)90227-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pregnancy\u2010Related Mortality Surveillance --\u2010 United States, 1991\u20141999","volume":"52","author":"Chang J","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.5.1354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Hemostatic changes associated with normal and abnormal pregnancies","volume":"13","author":"Davis GL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Lab Sci"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Coagulation assessment in normal pregnancy: Thrombelastography with citrated non activated samples","volume":"78","author":"Della Rocca G","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2010.02.015"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","DOI":"10.1383\/anes.5.7.215.36703"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38897","volume-title":"Hemostasis during normal pregnancy and puerperium","author":"Hellgren M","year":"2003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330428"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-06-0386"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.11.008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182652a33"},{"volume-title":"Summary of contraindications to oral contraceptives","year":"2000","author":"Knijff S","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-381262-9.00003-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.01.035"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199912000-00004"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(03)00019-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03041032"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e328322b429"},{"unstructured":"SilverthornDU OberWC GarrisonCW SilverthornAC JohnsonBR.2009.Human physiology: An integrated approach. 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