{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:32:36Z","timestamp":1760661156607,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to drugs during pregnancy is a major concern, as some teratogenic compounds can influence normal foetal development. Although the use of drugs during pregnancy should generally be avoided, exposure of the developing foetus to teratogens may occur unknowingly since these compounds may be hidden in products that are being marketed as \u201call natural.\u201d The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible teratogenic and cellular effects of sibutramine\u2014a serotonin\u2010norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of obesity\u2014on the heart and liver tissue of chick embryos. Ephedrine was used as a positive control. The chick embryo model was chosen because it has been used in studying developmental and experimental biology and teratology with great success. The embryos were exposed to three different concentrations of sibutramine and ephedrine respectively. The results obtained revealed that both compounds exhibited embryotoxicity when compared to the control groups. Liver and heart tissue of the exposed embryos was severely affected by these compounds in a dose\u2010related manner. Morphology similar to that of muscle dystrophy was observed in the heart, where the muscle tissue was infiltrated by adipose and connective tissue. Severe liver steatosis was also noted. A more in\u2010depth investigation into the molecular pathways involved might provide more information on the exact mechanism of toxicity of these products influencing embryonic development. <jats:italic>Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:737\u2013746, 2015<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T13:49:50Z","timestamp":1435931390000},"page":"737-746","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A descriptive study to provide evidence of the teratogenic and cellular effects of sibutramine and ephedrine on cardiac\u2010 and liver\u2010tissue of chick embryos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Hester Magdalena","family":"Oberholzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Arcadia South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciska","family":"Van Der Schoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Arcadia South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Taute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Arcadia South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan Jean","family":"Bester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Arcadia South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2004.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.108.020727"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.5.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092642899"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23060"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jcr.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Diagnosis and interpretation of steatosis and steatohepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Burt AD","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)09038-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125740"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14306J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287391003751778"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80496-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)82328-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101s3269"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"GerlisL.2003. Uhl's anomaly. Orphanet encyclopedia. viewed 10 March 2014. Available at:http:\/\/www.orpha.net\/data\/patho\/GB\/uk\u2010uhl.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Association of sympathomimetic drugs with malformations","volume":"42","author":"Gilbert\u2010Barness E","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)01087-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20308"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420230302"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003114"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.6.1114"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610173351604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.65.2.384"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Vasospasm\/thrombus in cerebral ischemia related to cocaine abuse","volume":"27","author":"Martinez N","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"The treatment of postpartum depression: Minimizing infant exposure [review]","volume":"63","author":"Newport DJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(85)90201-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(85)90201-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(91)90100-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.02905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3569"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(63)80425-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199006000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00126-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(69)80099-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s205"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)01083-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-009-2482-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","unstructured":"VenterC.2014. Aninovo investigation of the cellular effects of the heavy metals cadmium and chromium alone and in combination Masters thesis University of Pretoria Pretoria."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","first-page":"523","article-title":"Limb\u2010body wall complex associated with cocaine abuse: Further evidence of cocaine's teratogenicity","volume":"80","author":"Viscarello RR","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20255"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30179"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00481-4"}],"container-title":["Microscopy Research and Technique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjemt.22539","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.22539","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T17:57:54Z","timestamp":1760637474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jemt.22539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jemt.22539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.22539","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-910X","1097-0029"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1059-910X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0029"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]}}}