{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:28:33Z","timestamp":1760660913395,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) and plays an important role in all levels of reproduction from the brain to the reproductive organs. Recently, it has been discovered that all germ cells and Leydig cells in the cat testis exhibit stage\u2010dependent nuclear and cytoplasmic endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS)\u2010NOS immunoreactivity and cytoplasmic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate\u2010diaphorase (NADPH\u2010d) reactivity. As a continuation of this finding, in this study, cellular localization of NADPH\u2010d and immunolocalization and expression of all three NOS isoforms were investigated in the intratesticular (tubuli recti and rete testis), and excurrent ducts (efferent ductules, epididymal duct and vas deferens) of adult cats using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. NADPH\u2010d activity was found in the midpiece of the spermatozoa tail and epithelial cells of all of ducts, except for nonciliated cells of the efferent ductules. Even though the immunoblotting results revealed similar levels of nNOS, eNOS and iNOS in the caput, corpus and cauda segments of epididymis and the vas deferens, immunostainings showed cell\u2010specific localization in the efferent ductules and region\u2010 and cell\u2010specific localization in the epididymal duct. All of three NOS isoforms were immunolocalized to the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in all ducts, but were found in the tail and the cytoplasmic droplets of spermatozoa. These data suggest that NO\/NOS activity might be of importance not only for the functions of the intratesticular and excurrent ducts but also for sperm maturation. <jats:italic>Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:192\u2013208, 2016<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T06:08:58Z","timestamp":1452492538000},"page":"192-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Region\u2010specific localization of <scp>NOS<\/scp> isoforms and <scp>NADPH<\/scp>\u2010diaphorase activity in the intratesticular and excurrent duct systems of adult domestic cats (<i>Felis catus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Narin","family":"Liman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes Kayseri 38039 Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emel","family":"Alan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes Kayseri 38039 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