{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:24:14Z","timestamp":1790835854668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario, Canada Research Chairs Secretariat, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dose from radiation exposure can be estimated from dicentric chromosome (DC) frequencies in metaphase cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes. We automated DC detection by extracting features in Giemsa\u2010stained metaphase chromosome images and classifying objects by machine learning (ML). DC detection involves (i) intensity thresholded segmentation of metaphase objects, (ii) chromosome separation by watershed transformation and elimination of inseparable chromosome clusters, fragments and staining debris using a morphological decision tree filter, (iii) determination of chromosome width and centreline, (iv) derivation of centromere candidates, and (v) distinction of DCs from monocentric chromosomes (MC) by ML. Centromere candidates are inferred from 14 image features input to a Support Vector Machine (SVM). Sixteen features derived from these candidates are then supplied to a Boosting classifier and a second SVM which determines whether a chromosome is either a DC or MC. The SVM was trained with 292 DCs and 3135 MCs, and then tested with cells exposed to either low (1 Gy) or high (2\u20104 Gy) radiation dose. Results were then compared with those of 3 experts. True positive rates (TPR) and positive predictive values (PPV) were determined for the tuning parameter,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    . At larger\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , PPV decreases and TPR increases. At high dose, for\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.3, TPR\u2009=\u20090.52 and PPV\u2009=\u20090.83, while at\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.6, the TPR\u2009=\u20090.65 and PPV\u2009=\u20090.72. At low dose and\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.3, TPR\u2009=\u20090.67 and PPV\u2009=\u20090.26. The algorithm differentiates DCs from MCs, overlapped chromosomes and other objects with acceptable accuracy over a wide range of radiation exposures.\n                    <jats:italic>Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:393\u2013402, 2016<\/jats:italic>\n                    . \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T01:02:31Z","timestamp":1456794151000},"page":"393-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Automated discrimination of dicentric and monocentric chromosomes by machine learning\u2010based image processing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Yanxin","family":"LI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan H.","family":"Knoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario"},{"name":"Cytognomix Inc 60 North Centre Rd. Box 27052 London Ontario N5X 3X5 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth C.","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada 775 Brookfield Rd., K1A 1C1 Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farrah N.","family":"Flegal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodosimetry Emergency Response Laboratory, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories 20 Forest Avenue, Deep River, ON K0J 1P0"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Rogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada"},{"name":"Cytognomix Inc 60 North Centre Rd. Box 27052 London Ontario N5X 3X5 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(91)90135-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Cytogenetic analysis for radiation dose assessment: A Manual","author":"International Atomic Energy Agency","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5923\/j.ijbe.20120205.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"KobayashiT HeL ShyuC\u2010R KnollJHM RoganPK.Content and classification based ranking algorithm for metaphase chromosome images IEEE Conference on Multimedia Imaging 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1998.0738"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(94)90060-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4103\/2228-7477.110404","article-title":"Accurate localization of chromosome centromere based on concave points","volume":"2","author":"Mohammaed RM.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Signals Sens"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SubasingheA JSamarabandu KnollJ KhanW RoganPK.2010. An Image Processing Algorithm for Accurate Extraction of the Centreline from Human Metaphase Chromosomes. 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing pp3613\u20133616.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5652017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2013.2248008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/032110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1664.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features","volume":"1","author":"Viola P","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Soc Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.661186"}],"container-title":["Microscopy Research and Technique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjemt.22642","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.22642","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:45:22Z","timestamp":1760622322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jemt.22642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jemt.22642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.22642","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/037309","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1059-910X","1097-0029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-910X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}}}