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Due to the lack of relevant analytical work, little evidence related to organic materials in a burial can be found in China. Here we report materials collected from a burial during the excavation of the Shengedaliang site. The recovered materials were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and plant analysis: flotation, pollen and phytolith analysis. The red pigments found scattered over the human remains were identified as cinnabar. Extracted phytoliths associated with the burial are mainly leaves from the Boraginaceae family. This is the first time that a covering of leaves have been identified with a burial in Neolithic China. The presence of \u201cspecial\u201d leaves fossil may indicate a type of \u201cplant worship\u201d and the identification of an important plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. The finding of the two materials allows us to better identify indicators of funerary ritual and its relationship to social inequality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T11:03:59Z","timestamp":1476356639000},"page":"231-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Red pigments and Boraginaceae leaves in mortuary ritual of late Neolithic China: A case study of Shengedaliang site"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiaoNing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology Xi'an 710054 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WeiLin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology Xi'an 710054 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiangLong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100710 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100710 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiumin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YiMin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2012.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"A study of Cinnabar burials of prehistory and Xia period: With the discussion of the legends of sage Emperor Yao and Danzhu","volume":"2","author":"Fang H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Chinese Humanities"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Gao Z.W.On the Ancient Sources of Ocher Vermilion Red Lead and its Application Journal of Qinghai Nationalities University 371 102\u2013109 (2011). 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