{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:26:37Z","timestamp":1760660797398,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Program of the Educational Department of Inner Mongolia","award":["20140172","NJZY17074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20140172","NJZY17074"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Rhinoestrus<\/jats:italic> sp. (Diptera: Oestridae) is an economically important parasite that can cause severe nasal myiasis in equids and can also affect humans. The ultrastructure of all <jats:italic>Rhinoestrus<\/jats:italic> sp. larval instars from Mongolian horse was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the features of <jats:italic>Rhinoestrus<\/jats:italic>. The structure of the anterior region, posterior region, and the spines of the third segment was analyzed for 10 specimens in each larval stage. Additionally, 34 third\u2010instar (L3) larvae of <jats:italic>Rhinoestrus<\/jats:italic> sp. from Mongolian horse were subjected to molecular characterization by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Partial sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COXI) was performed. Phylogenetic relationships for <jats:italic>Rhinoestrus<\/jats:italic> sp. from Mongolian horse were reconstructed based on COXI sequences and COXI homologs from 12 oestrid species available in GenBank, and inter\u2010 and intraspecies variations in nucleotide sequences were analyzed. The cephalopharyngeal skeleton of <jats:italic>Rhinoestrus<\/jats:italic> sp. from Mongolian horse at immature stages was composed of \u201cH\u201d\u2010shaped hypopharyngeal sclerites and \u201cY\u201d\u2010shaped pharyngeal sclerites. Pairs of papillary sensillae in the cephalic region maintained the same number and location in all three instars, but the third instar additionally included two pairs of verruciform sensillae. COXI sequences of <jats:italic>Rhinoestrus<\/jats:italic> sp. larvae collected from Mongolian horses were separated from those of <jats:italic>Cephenemyia<\/jats:italic> sp. and other species of <jats:italic>Rhinoestrus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>phacochoeri<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>usbekistanicus<\/jats:italic>). Our sequence analyses demonstrate that all samples greatly resembled <jats:italic>Rhinoestrus purpureus<\/jats:italic> but were not <jats:italic>R. purpureus<\/jats:italic>. Further studies will be needed to confirm the existence of a new species. The pairs of papillary sensilla in the cephalic region retained the same number and location in all three instars, but included two pairs of verruciform sensilla in the third\u2010instar larvae collected from Mongolian horses were more closely related to those of <jats:italic>Oestrus ovis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pharyngomyia picta<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.22965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T03:46:58Z","timestamp":1510112818000},"page":"198-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultramorphological and molecular characteristics of the larval stages of the horse nasal\u2010myiasis fly, <i>Rhinoestrus<\/i> sp. (Diptera: Oestridae) from Mongolian horse in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9743-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junbin","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiquan","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lai","family":"Mang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.03.039","article-title":"Ultrastructure analysis of the immature stages of Ravinia belforti (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), a species of medical\u2010veterinary and forensic importance, by scanning electron microscopy","volume":"159","author":"Alexandre da\u2010Silva-Xavier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996844.0000","volume-title":"The Oestrid flies: biology, hostparasite relationships, impact and management","author":"Colwell D. 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