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The ultrastructural change and related functional studies are necessary to investigate biological phenomena. In this study, currently available 3D reconstruction techniques of electron microscopes (serial block\u2010face scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam\u2014scanning electron microscopy) were used to investigate hyperpigmentary disorders in human skin. In the basal layer of the epidermis in the human skin, there are melanocytes that produce melanin and keratinocytes that act as a barrier against environmental damage. The 3D structure from serial images through scanning electron microscopy showed locations of melanosomes between melanocyte and keratinocyte in the hyperpigmentary disorder, in addition, the electron tomography showed pigment transfer through melanin instead melanosome. These results support the exocytosis\u2010endocytosis theory of pigment in human skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T03:21:00Z","timestamp":1526613660000},"page":"18-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Study of hyperpigmentation in human skin disorder using different electron microscopy techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Seulgi","family":"Noh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School Eulji University Daejeon 34824 Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyosun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School Eulji University Daejeon 34824 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