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Our study carried on 10 heads of adult rock pigeons by gross, scanning, and light microscopic examination, in addition to the immunohistochemical analysis of the cytokeratin of the dorsal surface mucosa epithelium and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression (PCNA) immunoreactivity. The pointed apex of the elongated tongue covered rostrally and laterally with numerous caudally directed scales\u2010like papillae. The dorsal surface of the apex and body was covered with numerous caudally directed scales\u2010like filiform papillae. The U\u2010shaped transverse papillary crest carried caudally directed pointed triangular conical papillae with two giant papillae. The elevated caudal area of the lingual body contains little numbers of the opening of the lingual gland. The laryngeal mound is divided into two symmetrical halves by rostral fissure and caudal laryngeal fissure into the right and left half. There were four palatine ridges: two lateral, middle, and median ridges. The choanal field bounded by the two lateral palatine ridges and containing the median choanae. The rostral part of the palatine cleft bounded laterally by a line of the small caudally directed conical papillae, while the caudal part was free from these papillae. There was a little number of taste buds in the palate. The high magnification of the rostral part of the beak is covered with directed rods\u2010like projections. In conclusion, the obtained results described the adaptations of the tongue and its belonged structures with the feeding demand of the rock\u2010pigeon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T10:26:57Z","timestamp":1626863217000},"page":"3116-3127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ultrastructural and histological descriptions of the oropharyngeal cavity of the rock pigeon <scp><i>Columba livia dakhlae<\/i><\/scp> with special refer to its adaptive dietary adaptations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3289-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M. A.","family":"Abumandour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neveen E. R.","family":"El\u2010Bakary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Damietta University  Damietta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman R.","family":"Elbealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department College of Science for girls, King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attalla","family":"El\u2010Kott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Damanhour University  Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kareem","family":"Morsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science King Khalid University  Abha Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seham S.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Sadat City  Sadat City Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naglaa","family":"Madkour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-2148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramadan M.","family":"Kandyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University  Tanta Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-017-0426-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-018-0451-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23725"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-018-0463-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Gross anatomical studies of the oropharyngeal cavity in Eurasian hobby (Falconinae: Falco Subbuteo, Linnaeus 1758)","volume":"1","author":"Abumandour M. 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