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The hard palate was narrow rostrally and its width increased caudally. The maximum width was located at the caudal border of the upper fourth premolar tooth. The incisive papilla was represented by a rounded median elevation surrounded on each side by a groove on which the oral openings of the incisive ducts opened. The rostral part of the hard palate had 9\u201310 caudally concave transverse palatine ridges while the caudal part appeared smooth without ridges. The palatine raphe was indistinct rostrally but formed a groove caudally. By SEM, the palatine ridges had low projections. Different microplicae systems were present on the epithelial surface of the incisive papilla, palatine rugae, interrugal areas, and the smooth part. The CTP of the incisive papilla, palatine ridges, and soft palate were conical\u2010shaped, cylindrical\u2010shaped, and parallel serrated ridges, respectively. Histologically, the hard palate was lined by a cornified stratified squamous epithelium resting on a dense connective layer of lamina propria while the soft palate was lined by a noncornified stratified squamous epithelium. The palatine salivary glands were present in the smooth part of the hard palate and the soft palate. The information presented in the current study might serve as a reference guide for the interpretation of pathological conditions of the palate of red fox.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T06:57:59Z","timestamp":1626764279000},"page":"3191-3203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Scanning electron microscopy of the palatine mucosa with connective tissue papillae of the Egyptian red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes aegyptiaca<\/i>, Linnaeus, 1758)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6402-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A. 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