{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T02:10:08Z","timestamp":1772503808659,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410\u2010\u041020\u2010120081790043\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410\u2010\u041020\u2010120081790043\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20\u201004\u201060258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20\u201004\u201060258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The severe COVID\u201019 pandemic drives the research toward the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virion structure and the possible therapies against it. Here, we characterized the \u03b2\u2010propiolactone inactivated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We compared the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 samples purified by two consecutive chromatographic procedures (size exclusion chromatography [SEC], followed by ion\u2010exchange chromatography [IEC]) with samples purified by ultracentrifugation. The samples prepared using SEC and IEC retained more spikes on the surface than the ones prepared using ultracentrifugation, as confirmed by TEM and AFM. TEM showed that the spike (S) proteins were in the pre\u2010fusion conformation. Notably, the S proteins could be recognized by specific monoclonal antibodies. Analytical TEM showed that the inactivated virions retained nucleic acid. Altogether, we demonstrated that the inactivated SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virions retain the structural features of native viruses and provide a prospective vaccine candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T05:36:57Z","timestamp":1631165817000},"page":"562-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Structural characterization of <scp>\u03b2\u2010propiolactone<\/scp> inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (<scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\u20102) particles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6355-7282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Bagrov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grigory S.","family":"Glukhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey V.","family":"Moiseenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"N. 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Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Karlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniil S.","family":"Litvinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petr \u0410.","family":"Zaitsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3029-1035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liubov I.","family":"Kozlovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune\u2010and\u2010Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Shishova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune\u2010and\u2010Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia A.","family":"Kovpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune\u2010and\u2010Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yury Y.","family":"Ivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune\u2010and\u2010Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia N.","family":"Piniaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune\u2010and\u2010Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexey S.","family":"Oksanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktor P.","family":"Volok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune\u2010and\u2010Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0462-2945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry I.","family":"Osolodkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune\u2010and\u2010Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aydar A.","family":"Ishmukhametov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune\u2010and\u2010Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis)  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University  Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexey M.","family":"Egorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University  Moscow Russia"},{"name":"N. 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