{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:49:06Z","timestamp":1762868946083,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study was conducted on prenatal and postnatal development of lymphoglandular complexes (LGCs) in ileocaecal region of buffalo fetuses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) ranging from 11.5\u00a0cm curved crown rump length (CVRL) (80\u2009days) to 100\u2009cm CVRL (299\u2009days) and neonatal buffalo calves (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010). The fetuses were categorized into three groups based on their CVRL. LGC formation was not evident in ileocaecal junction up to 32\u2009cm CVRL (145\u2009days). At 35\u2009cm CVRL (152\u2009days), diffuse lymphocytes were scattered around the base of glands that encircled them. At 54\u2009cm CVRL (195\u2009days), lymphoid aggregates were present in submucosa around deep submucosal glands and formed primordia of LGCs in ileocaeccal orifice region. At 100\u2009cm CVRL (299\u2009days), these complexes were completely visible grossly. The distinguished lymphoid nodules in submucosa were invaded by submucosal extensions of overlying mucosal glands to form a large clear complex of glands and lymphoid nodules called as \u201cLymphoglandular complex\u201d at this stage. It is the first report of prenatal development of LGCs in large intestine of buffaloes. Abundant CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells were observed towards periphery of LGC. In neonates, these complexes were uniform, few with demarcation into dark and light zones that is, germinal center formation. Lymphocytes interspersed in lamina propria were mainly CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes. In conclusion, the development of LGCs in ileocaecal region started prenatally in terms of all its cellular components into completely developed and immunocompetent to generate mucosal immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T08:29:22Z","timestamp":1668500962000},"page":"63-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Histomorphological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study on ontogeny of ileocaecal lymphoglandular complexes in prenatal and postnatal Indian buffalo: An innate mucosal immune barrier"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9182-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kritima","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University  Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Opinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University  Ludhiana Punjab India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52335-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Lymphoglandular complexes in the large intestine of the dog","volume":"113","author":"Atkins A. 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