{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:18:43Z","timestamp":1784733523708,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Industrial activities and unconscious consumption of natural resources cause environmental pollution with the rapid increase in the world population. As a result of the widespread use of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NP) with nano\u2010industrial activities, it is predicted that this NP will accumulate in the air, water, and soil. In the present study, the purpose was to find out the genotoxic effects on root meristem cells of the <jats:italic>Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic> L. plant, which is an indicator organism exposed to 20\u201340\u2009nm Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NPs at different concentrations (100, 200, and 400\u2009ppm). The amount of Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NP accumulated in <jats:italic>T. aestivum<\/jats:italic> used in the study was determined with x\u2010ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM element map, and EDS characteristic spectrum. All concentrations of Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NP caused significant decreases in the mitotic index. Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NPs significantly increased the frequency of mitotic abnormalities in <jats:italic>T. aestivum<\/jats:italic> root tip cells at all treatment times and all concentrations when compared to the control. Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NPs were formed by various mitotic abnormalities such as loss of genetic material, deconstructed prophase, adhesion, chromosome groupings in metaphase, deconstructed metaphase, C\u2010Metaphase, chromosomal loss, chromosomal fracture, polyploidy, deconstructed anaphase, lagging chromosome, fragment, polar deviation, bridging, propagation, asynchronous division, star anaphase, multipolarity, and deconstructed telophase. All these results show that Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NPs are genotoxic and clastogenic and may also cause DNA damage. Briefly, these data show that Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NPs taken by organisms may pose a danger to the organism and the upper consumer. These findings also show that the production and use of Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NPs, which affect organisms, must be controlled, and ultimately, be safely disposed of to reduce their bioaccumulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In the present study, the purpose was to find out the genotoxic effects on root meristem cells of the <jats:italic>Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic> L. (bread wheat) plant, which is an indicator organism exposed to 20\u201340\u2009nm Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NPs at different concentrations (100, 200, and 400\u2009ppm).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The amount of Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NP accumulated in <jats:italic>T. aestivum<\/jats:italic> used in the study was determined with x\u2010ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM element map, and EDS characteristic spectrum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The mitotic index was calculated to reveal the genotoxic effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>\u201cLoss of genetic material, deconstructed prophase, adhesion, chromosome groupings in metaphase, deconstructed metaphase, C\u2010Metaphase, chromosomal loss, chromosomal fracture, polyploidy, deconstructed anaphase, lagging chromosome, fragment, polar deviation, bridging, propagation, asynchronous division, star Chromosomal abnormalities such as anaphase, multipolarity, and deconstructed telophase\u201d were visualized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Fe<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> NPs are genotoxic and clastogenic and may also cause DNA damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T06:19:19Z","timestamp":1687760359000},"page":"1023-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genotoxic effect of iron oxide (<scp>Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub><\/scp>) nanoparticles on <i>Triticum aestivum<\/i> (wheat)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0417-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neslihan","family":"Tasar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Animal Production, Tunceli Vocational School of Higher Education Munzur University  Tunceli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Probing metabolic stability of CdSe nanoparticles: Alkaline extraction of free cadmium from liver and kidney samples of rats exposed to CdSe nanoparticles","volume":"192","author":"Arslan Z.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Nanopar\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7me ve inceleme teknikleri","volume":"11","author":"Ates 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