{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T16:13:49Z","timestamp":1772468029179,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Schistosomiasis is one of the most common waterborne parasite illnesses, it is a major public health issue in developing countries. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is used to find <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> DNA in <jats:italic>Bulinus truncatus<\/jats:italic>, which could speed up the discovery of infections before cercariae are shed. DraI\u2010PCR detected <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> infection at different infection intervals with bands at 300\u2009bp in shedding snails 40\u2009days after exposure and even on the first day after <jats:italic>B. turancuts<\/jats:italic> snails exposure to miracidia. Transmission electron microscopy showed the structure of sporocyst from 1 to 40\u2009days post\u2010exposure and activated hemocytes in infected non\u2010shedding snails as well as sporocyst degradation. Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of Bax and TGF\u2010\u03b21 positive stained cells that have been linked with infection progression. In conclusion, molecular tools and immune response play an important role in the strategy of controlling schistosomiasis through the early detection of larval stages in intermediate hosts toward certification of schistosomiasis elimination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>DraI\u2010PCR allowed early detection of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> at 300\u2009bp in <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic> snail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Transmission electron microscopy showed the structure of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> sporocyst in snail and activated hemocytes in non\u2010shedding snail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Bax protein that induced apoptotic changes and Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 level have been linked with parasite development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T01:01:22Z","timestamp":1696640482000},"page":"306-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular detection of <i>Schistosoma haematobium<\/i> in infected <i>Bulinus truncatus<\/i> snails associated with immune response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3522-2805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shereen Mahfouz","family":"Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Malacology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Imbaba Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanaa Mohamed Abu","family":"El Einin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Malacology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Imbaba Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Menerva Maher","family":"Tadrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Malacology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Imbaba Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samah Ibrahim","family":"Ghoname","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Malacology Department Theodor Bilharz Research Institute  Imbaba Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"669","article-title":"Characterization of the hemocytes of susceptible and resistant Biomphalaria alexandrina snail","volume":"46","author":"Abaza B. 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