{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:23:52Z","timestamp":1760660632131,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP2024R261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Assessment of the antimicrobial, micro tensile bond strength (\u03bcTBS), and degree of conversion (DC) of fifth\u2010generation adhesive modified using photoactivated 0.5% rose bengal (RB) and photoactivated RB\u2010doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>NPs) in different concentrations (2% and 5%) as compared with the unmodified adhesive bonded to the carious affected dentin (CAD). Forty mandibular molars with caries progression up to the middle third of the dentin, as per the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score of 4 and 5 were included. Specimens were divided into four groups based on etch and rinse adhesive (ERA) modification group 1: unmodified ERA, group 2: photoactivated 0.5% RB photosensitizer (PS) modified ERA, group 3: photoactivated RB\u2010doped 2\u2009wt% TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>NPs adhesive, group 4: photoactivated RB\u2010doped 5\u2009wt% TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>NPs adhesive. Followed by adhesive and composite restoration on the CAD surface. All the specimens were thermocycled and an assessment of \u03bcTBS and failure pattern analysis was performed. The antibacterial potency of RB and RB\u2010doped TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>NPs (2% and 5%) followed by their activation using visible light against <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S.mutans<\/jats:italic>) were tested. The survival rate of <jats:italic>S.mutans<\/jats:italic> was assessed using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test. The analysis of \u03bcTBS involved the use of ANOVA, followed by a post\u2010hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) multiple comparisons test. Group 1 (Unmodified ERA) (0.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.31\u2009CFU\/mL) treated samples unveiled the highest means of bacterial survival and lowest \u03bcTBS (11.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63\u2009MPa). Nevertheless, group 4: photoactivated RB\u2010doped 5\u2009wt% TiO2NPs adhesive displayed the lowest outcomes of <jats:italic>S.mutans<\/jats:italic> survival (0.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009CFU\/mL) and highest bond strength (18.76\u2009\u00b1\u20091.45\u2009MPa). The photoactivated RB\u2010doped 2\u2009wt% TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>NPs in adhesive demonstrated promising enhancements in both \u03bcTBS and antibacterial efficacy against <jats:italic>S.mutans<\/jats:italic>. However, it is noteworthy that this modification led to a decrease in the DC of the adhesive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Highlights<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Unmodified ERA\u2010treated samples unveiled the highest bacterial survival and the lowest \u03bcTBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Photoactivated RB\u2010doped 5\u2009wt% TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>NPs adhesive displayed the lowest <jats:italic>S.mutans<\/jats:italic> survival rate and highest bond strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>DC decreased with an increase in concentration of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T05:20:29Z","timestamp":1721971229000},"page":"2943-2953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photoactivated rose bengal\u2010doped <scp>TiO<sub>2<\/sub><\/scp> nanoparticles modified fifth\u2010generation adhesive on the survival rate of <i>Streptococcus mutants<\/i> and mechanical properties of tooth\u2010colored restorative material to carious dentin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3012-264X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amer M.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi 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