{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T02:03:49Z","timestamp":1783044229452,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is a comprehensive account of microscopic assessment of flower of <jats:italic>Achillea santolina<\/jats:italic> L., a medicinally important species of the genus <jats:italic>Achillea<\/jats:italic> from Pakistan. The study was aimed to provide data for the quality control and standardization of <jats:italic>A. santolina<\/jats:italic> L. flower. The microscopic characterization has been carried out through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Various characteristic histological features of phyllaries, ray floret, disc floret, anther wall, filament, stigma, style, and ovary were observed. The pollens were found as tricolporate, spheroidal while the surface ornamentation was echinate. Qualitative and quantitative palyno\u2010anatomical assessment was carried out through scanning electron microscopy. The exine thickness and the width of spines were calculated. The P\/E ratio characterized the shape of pollen as oblate\u2010spheroidal and sub\u2010oblate in polar and equatorial views respectively. The elemental analysis of the flower through SEM\u2013EDX showed the presence of various elements. Phytochemical screening of flower showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, fixed oils, glycosides, phenols, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. UV\u2013vis spectra of the ethanol extract showed characteristics peaks in both ultraviolet and visible regions. This work will provide a standard reference for the correct identification of <jats:italic>A. santolina<\/jats:italic> L. an important aspect in the quality control. Additionally, the data produced by phytochemical, elemental and florescence analysis, and UV\u2013visible spectroscopy will help in developing standards for this herb that will be useful for research and development and manufacturing of herbal products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T03:34:35Z","timestamp":1732851275000},"page":"879-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microscopic Characterization of <i>Achillea santolina<\/i> L. Flower Through Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6990-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uzma","family":"Urooj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Mazhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqbal","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Karachi  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2022.2026256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(94)00785-R"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification of the Constituents of Achillea santolina Essential Oil and Evaluation of the Anti\u2010Microbial Effects of Its Extract and Essential Oil","volume":"14","author":"Ahmadi Z.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arak Medical University Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Pollen Morphology of Six Achillea L. Sect. Achillea (Asteraceae) Species in Turkey","volume":"35","author":"Akyalcin H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5840"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/EJMP\/2016\/23870"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"1373","article-title":"Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Milfoil (Achillea santolina). A Review","volume":"5","author":"Al\u2010Snafi A. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of PharmTech Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Microscopic Characterization of Botanical Medicines: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia","author":"American Herbal Pharmacopoeia","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Flowering Season\u2010Dependent Variation in the Ultrastuctural and Soluble Proteins of Achillea Wilhelmsii Mature Pollen Grains","volume":"1","author":"Amjad L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pharmacognostic Characterization of Beaumontia Grandiflora (Roxb.) Wall. 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