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Sixty single\u2010rooted teeth were selected, disinfected, and categorized into four groups based on the type of disinfection. Following disinfection, a pair of samples were randomly selected and visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for SL evaluation. Three samples from each disinfection group were mounted on a Vickers MH tester for hardness testing. A brain\u2013heart infusion (BHI) agar plate was inoculated with a single colony of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic>),<\/jats:styled-content> and their survival rate was measured following different disinfecting regimes. The remaining samples were filled with gutta\u2010percha (GP) and sectioned to evaluate PBS via universal testing machine (UTM), followed by failure analysis. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. The survival rate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u2009<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> was lowest for Group 3 (0.11\u2009CFU\/mL) with the highest MH values (49.72\u2009\u00b1\u20091.02\u2009N\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The PBS was highest for Group 3 cervical (11.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49\u2009MPa) and middle third (11.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.50\u2009MPa). SL removal efficacy was comparable in groups 3 and 4 at the coronal and middle third. The application of CeO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>NPs as a canal irrigant in conjunction with EDTA resulted in enhanced bond values, demonstrating superior SL removal capabilities. This type of disinfection notably enhances the MH of canal dentin while demonstrating significant sterilization efficacy against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>.\u2009<jats:italic>faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T01:30:07Z","timestamp":1738114207000},"page":"1654-1663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Photochemically Activated Microbubble Emulsion, Nd: Yap Laser, and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Canal Disinfectants on Push\u2010Out Bond Strength of Sealer to Root Dentin, Smear Layer, and Antibacterial 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