{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:07:36Z","timestamp":1787803656112,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present lab\u2010based research aimed to assess the impact of different nanofillers: silver (Ag) chitosan (CH), and arginine nanoparticles (ArgNPs) infused in the eighth\u2010generation universal adhesive (UA) on the antimicrobial potency, micro\u2010tensile bond strength (\u03bcTBS), and degree of conversion (DC) bonded to carious\u2010affected dentin (CAD) surface. Forty extracted human molars with Class 1 carious lesions were included. CAD was exposed and samples were allocated into four groups based on the type of adhesive (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910): Group 1 (UA), Group 2 (1\u2009wt% AgNPs\u2010UA), Group 3 (1\u2009wt% CHNPs\u2010UA), and Group 4 (1\u2009wt% ArgNPs\u2010UA). Survival rate assessment of inoculated <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> was performed after exposing them to different NPs. Characterization of tested nanoparticles (NPs) was also performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray spectroscopy (EDX). The DC of modified and unmodified eighth\u2010generation adhesive cured and uncured was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Composite was bonded on the CAD and samples underwent artificial aging. Beams were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and \u03bcTBS analysis followed by failure mode assessment using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using one\u2010way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test to compare the means and standard deviations (SDs) between the different experimental groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Group 2 (1\u2009wt% AgNPs\u2010UA) samples exhibited the lowest <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> survival (0.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009CFU\/mL). Whereas Group 1 (UA) displayed the highest survival of tested bacteria (0.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u2009CFU\/mL). The maximum score of bond strength of composite to the CAD was detected in Group 2 (1\u2009wt% AgNPs\u2010UA) (21.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.59\u2009MPa) samples. However, the \u03bcTBS was minimal in Group 1 (UA) (16.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.91\u2009MPa). DC between the modified adhesive with 1\u2009wt% AgNPs and the unmodified adhesive was comparable (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The incorporation of 1\u2009wt% AgNPs in eighth\u2010generation adhesives represents a favorable and reasonable alternative to unmodified adhesives when used on caries\u2010affected dentin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:45:52Z","timestamp":1740141952000},"page":"1848-1857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Universal Adhesive Fortified With Inorganic Nanoparticles on Dentin Affected by Caries: A Comprehensive Study Utilizing SEM, EDX, Micro\u2010Tensile Bond Strength and Antimicrobial Effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Hussain Dafer","family":"Al Wadei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry King Khalid University  Abha Saudi 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