{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:12:13Z","timestamp":1789841533043,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sustainable synthesis and optimization of nanocomposites (NCs) for agricultural applications remains a critical challenge. This study addresses this issue by developing Zn\u2013Se NCs using green synthesis methods with <jats:italic>Allium sativa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Mentha arvensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> plant extracts optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to achieve an average size of 34.9\u2009nm. For the first time, the combined application of NCs and gamma irradiation was evaluated to enhance seed viability and early growth in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Brassica napus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> L. in the present study. The results indicated that <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010values of 0.0001 and 0.0032 for the linear and quadratic regression models, respectively, were significant. The UV\u2013visible spectrum of Zn\u2013Se NCs showed a sharp peak at 295\u2009nm, while FTIR spectra identified functional groups acting as a reducing agent, detailing their compound class, peak shape, and intensity. Spherical Zn\u2013Se NCs were synthesized with an average size of 34.9\u2009nm. The effects of optimized Zn\u2013Se NCs on germination parameters were assessed, revealing that the percentage germination was non\u2010significant, with a <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &gt;\u20090.05. In contrast, the survival rate, seedling length, and seed vigor index (SVI) were significant, with <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010values of 0.002, 0.007, and 0.015, respectively. The results demonstrated significant improvements in germination percentage and seedling vigor, highlighting the potential of NCs as a nanobiofertilizer. This study presents a novel green synthesis approach for Zn\u2013Se NCs using <jats:italic>Allium sativa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Mentha arvensis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> plant extracts, achieving precise size control (&lt;\u200935\u2009nm) through RSM optimization, enhancing bioavailability and eco\u2010friendliness. This study recommends the use of plant\u2010mediated Zn\u2013Se NCs in combination with gamma irradiation as a sustainable and effective approach to improve crop productivity and promote eco\u2010friendly agricultural practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T02:01:46Z","timestamp":1745028106000},"page":"2545-2559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimization of Phytosynthesized Zn\u2013Se Nanocomposites via Response Surface Methodology: Characterization and Germination Impact on Gamma\u2010Irradiated <scp><i>Brassica napus<\/i><\/scp> L."],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9162-0807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohaib","family":"Younas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laiba","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mursala","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haris","family":"Khurshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oilseed Research Program National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC)  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zia\u2010ur\u2010Rehman","family":"Mashwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi  Rawalpindi Pakistan"},{"name":"Pakistan Academy of Sciences  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Agricultural Nanotechnology","author":"Abd\u2010Elsalam K. 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