{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:51:00Z","timestamp":1772787060543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remineralizing fillers Amorphous\u2010calcium\u2010phosphate nanoparticles (ACP\u2010NPs), hydroxyapatite (HA\u2010NPs), and cerium dioxide (CeO<jats:sub>2\u2010<\/jats:sub>NPs) on the micro\u2010tensile bond strength (\u03bcTBS) and degree of conversion (DC) of the experimental adhesive (EA) to caries\u2010affected dentin (CAD). Forty molars with carious lesions on the occlusal surface extending to the middle third of the dentin were included. The characterization of ACP\u2010NPs, HA\u2010NPs, and CeO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010NPs was performed using SEM and EDX. CAD samples were arbitrarily assigned to four groups based on the application of remineralizing fillers infused into EA. Group 1, Unmodified EA; Group 2, 5% ACP\u2010NPs in EA; Group 3, 5% HA\u2010NPs in EA; and Group 4, 5% CeO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010NPs in EA. The composite buildup on the CAD surface was followed by artificial aging. \u03bcTBS measurements were evaluated using UTM. The DC of the modified EA was assessed using FTIR spectroscopy. One\u2010way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze \u03bcTBS and DC. CeO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010NPs\u2009+\u2009EA displayed the highest bond integrity scores. The unmodified EA samples exhibited the lowest \u03bcTBS values. ACP\u2010NPs\u2009+\u2009EA and the unmodified adhesive demonstrated comparable bond strength (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). DC of samples in Group 2: ACP\u2010NPs\u2009+\u2009EA (66.11\u2009\u00b1\u20096.33) was comparable to Group 1 HA\u2010NPs (73.51\u2009\u00b1\u20094.37) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The highest DC was observed in Group 1 (Unmodified EA). CeO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010NPs have the potential to improve bond strength scores when used as a remineralizing filler in EA adhesives. However, the incorporation of NPs at 5% in adhesive reduced the DC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T06:15:38Z","timestamp":1745302538000},"page":"2560-2568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Adhesive Strength and Degree of Conversion of Remineralizing Hydroxyapatite, Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Cerium Oxide Fillers in Experimental Adhesive: A <scp>SEM<\/scp> and <scp>EDX<\/scp> Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Fayez Hussain","family":"Niazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah AbdulRahman","family":"AlTowayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Qassim University  Buraidah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Arjumand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Qassim University  Buraidah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahad Suliman","family":"Alkhuwaiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry, Qassim University  Buraidah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roqayah Ibrahim","family":"Aljuailan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Qassim University  Buraidah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Sulaiman","family":"Albahoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Qassim University  Buraidah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7259-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Zubairuddin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6816-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hend Mohamed","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2136-8706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norhayati","family":"Luddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia  Kota Bharu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103571"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/sam.2024.4721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3477886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12122978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12122948"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/22808000221087349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202401_34887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2018.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/22808000231159238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26650\/eor.20200053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Effect of Different Bleaching Methods on the Surface Roughness and Hardness of Resin Composites","volume":"3","author":"Atali P. 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