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One hundred and twenty\u2010eight anterior deciduous teeth were assigned into four groups according to the industrialized acidic beverage used for immersion (demineralizing solution, cola, apple juice and fermented milk). Groups were further divided into two subgroups according to the application (F) or not (control) of 5% sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP\u2010ACP). The roughness and morphological analysis of the enamel surface was carried out during three stages: at baseline, and after 4 and 7\u2009days of immersion using a profilometer and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The data distribution was evaluated by Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Mann\u2013Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests to estimate the differences between materials' roughness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Roughness differences between stages are observed in all groups (F and control) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The greatest increase in roughness was observed in the cola control group after 7\u2009days of immersion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish added with CPP\u2010ACP under the conditions used in this study showed a protective effect on the surface roughness and morphology of human deciduous enamel, mainly after 4\u2009days of immersion. Therefore, periodical application of the varnish is suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T04:29:29Z","timestamp":1750825769000},"page":"2792-2801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of <scp>CPP<\/scp>\u2010<scp>ACP<\/scp> Fluoride Varnish on the Roughness and Surface Morphology of Deciduous Enamel Immersed in Industrialized Acidic Beverage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Yamel","family":"Tlaiye\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Estudios Avanzados en Odontolog\u00eda, \u201cDr. Keisaburo Miyata\u201d (CIEAO), Jes\u00fas Carranza esq. Paseo Tollocan, Col. 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