{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:04:11Z","timestamp":1771002251081,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dental air abrasion is a minimally invasive technique using abrasive particles to remove carious tooth structure. Alumina particles, commonly preferred due to their cutting efficiency, pose toxicity risks if inhaled. This study evaluated hydroxyapatite (HA) and an alumina\u2009+\u2009HA combination as alternatives to alumina for enamel cutting efficiency. Extracted human third molars with sound enamel (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930) were divided into three groups: (1) alumina 29\u2009\u03bcm (control), (2) HA, and (3) alumina\u2009+\u2009HA. Morphological analysis of powders and cavity cutting performance were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alumina particles were coarse and angular, HA particles were rounded, and alumina\u2009+\u2009HA showed mixed morphology on SEM analysis. Cavity cutting results showed alumina produced the deepest cavities (mean: 2.5\u2009mm), followed by alumina\u2009+\u2009HA (mean: 2.12\u2009mm) and HA alone (mean: 0.75\u2009mm). Statistically significant differences were detected between alumina and HA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0003) and alumina\u2009+\u2009HA and HA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008), but no significant differences between alumina and alumina\u2009+\u2009HA (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.99) were observed. SEM analysis of the shape of the cavities revealed cylindrical shapes for alumina and alumina\u2009+\u2009HA groups and conical shapes for the HA group. The alumina\u2009+\u2009HA combination demonstrated effective enamel cutting efficiency while the presence of HA could be potentially useful for remineralization, presenting a safer alternative to pure alumina. Further in\u00a0vivo studies are recommended to validate these findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:45:25Z","timestamp":1760406325000},"page":"423-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Alumina, Hydroxyapatite, and Their Combination for Dental Enamel Cavity Cutting in an Air Abrasion System: An In\u00a0Vitro\n                    <scp>SEM<\/scp>\n                    Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Saqib","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Talal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4891-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.13172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23564"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/12705.6202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517693567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31661\/jbpe.v0i0.2310\u20101670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20106041\/8\/6\/065008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-016-1297-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8060450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1305\u20107456.172635"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Cutting Efficiency of Different Dental Materials Utilized in an Air Abrasion System","volume":"11","author":"Hassan U.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"508","article-title":"Intraoral Air Abrasion: A Review of Devices, Materials, Evidence, and Clinical Applications in Restorative Dentistry","volume":"40","author":"Huang C. T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Surface of Root Cementum Following Air\u2010Polishing With Bioactive Hydroxyapatite (Ca and P Mapping)","volume":"14","author":"Janicki T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"A Pilot Study. Acta Bioeng Biomech"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010021\u201004307\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.857066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415\u2010023\u20106127\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2005.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013039.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/521901"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050728"}],"container-title":["Microscopy Research and Technique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.70083","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jemt.70083","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.70083","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:07:31Z","timestamp":1770998851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jemt.70083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jemt.70083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.70083","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-910X","1097-0029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-910X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}