{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:59:46Z","timestamp":1777917586685,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res & Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Xanthium sibiricum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n Patrin ex Widder and\n \n Xanthium italicum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n Moretti are morphologically similar fructus that are frequently misidentified.\n \n Xanthium italicum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n Moretti may possess inherent toxicity, and its adulteration of genuine medicinal materials poses a threat to clinical drug safety. Macroscopic observation and three microscopic techniques including stereo microscope, optical microscope, and 3D X\u2010ray microscope were used for morphological identification of\n \n Xanthium sibiricum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n Patr ex Widder and\n \n Xanthium italicum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n Moretti in this study. 3D X\u2010ray microscopy was applied as a novel tool for non\u2010destructive, high\u2010resolution discrimination of the two taxa. Intact fructus (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200930 per species) were first screened macroscopically, then examined by stereo microscopy, optical microscopy, and 3D X\u2010ray microscopy (0.3, 0.7, 1.5, 3.5, 18.06, 20.01\u2009\u03bcm voxel size, Zeiss Xradia 520 Versa). The results showed that stereo microscopy, optical microscopy, and 3D X\u2010ray microscopy collectively confirm the same conclusion from three distinct physical perspectives: surface topography, internal two\u2010dimensional structure, and internal three\u2010dimensional density distribution. The two Xanthium species differ significantly in burr spine morphology, fructus size and shape, the architecture and distribution of non\u2010glandular and glandular trichomes, cotyledon conformation, and seed\u2010coat cell patterning. In particular, 3D X\u2010ray microscopy clearly resolves internal cotyledon spatial configurations and involucral cavity architectures, which furnishes critical endomorphic characters for taxonomic diagnosis. 3D X\u2010ray microscopy provides unprecedented volumetric contrast of surface spines and internal seed architecture, permitting confident, non\u2010destructive species identification. This study provides a basis for the safe clinical use of\n \n Xanthium sibiricum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n Patrin ex Widder. The frontier of 3D X\u2010ray microscopy in plant systematics offers a novel, rapid, accurate and non\u2010destructive protocol for the discrimination of morphologically elusive species.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.70120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T13:18:55Z","timestamp":1769174335000},"page":"912-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comparative Study on the Identification of\n \n Xanthium sibiricum<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Patrin ex Widder and\n \n Xanthium italicum<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Moretti Based on Three Microscopy Technology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3482-2830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liqi","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2897-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiajing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingni","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13880\/j.cnki.65\u20101174\/n.2021.22.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13863\/j.issn1001\u20104454.2017.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19763\/j.cnki.2096\u20107403.2023.07.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Identification of Xanthium Sibiricum vs. Xanthium Australe","volume":"03","author":"Huang C. 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M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","article-title":"Application of Machine Learning to X\u2010Ray Diffraction\u2010Based Classification","volume":"10632","author":"Zhao B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"SPIE Defense + Security"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2020.112293"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Research Progress on the Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Xanthium Sibiricum Patrin","volume":"45","author":"Zhao Y. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Northwest Minzu University (Natural Science)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"The Differentiation Between Xanthium Sibiricum Patrin.And Its Fake Triumfetta Annua L","volume":"18","author":"Zhou Y. 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