{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:23:11Z","timestamp":1783012991996,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the efficacy of novel post space disinfection protocols\u2014indocyanine green\u2010loaded cerium oxide nanoparticle\u2010mediated photodynamic therapy (ICG\u2010CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs\u2010PDT), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser irradiation\u2014combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation on smear layer (SL) removal and push\u2010out bond strength (PBS) of glass fiber posts (GFP) to root canal dentin. Forty\u2010eight extracted human premolars underwent standardized endodontic treatment and post\u2010space preparation. Specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912): Group 1 (saline\u2009+\u2009EDTA control), Group 2 (2.5% NaOCl\u2009+\u2009EDTA), Group 3 (KTP laser\u2009+\u2009EDTA), and Group 4 (ICG\u2010CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs\u2010PDT\u2009+\u2009EDTA). SL removal was quantified using scanning electron microscopy with a four\u2010point scoring system. Following GFP cementation and thermocycling (10,000\u2009cycles), PBS was measured at cervical, middle, and apical regions. Failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Data were analyzed using one\u2010way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05). Groups 2 and 4 demonstrated significantly superior SL removal (scores 1.12\u20132.45 and 1.17\u20132.20, respectively) compared to Groups 1 and 3 (3.31\u20133.99 and 3.40\u20133.99,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Correspondingly, Groups 2 and 4 achieved 40%\u201360% higher push\u2010out bond strength (6.71\u20137.88\u2009MPa and 7.02\u20138.45\u2009MPa) versus Groups 1 and 3 (4.51\u20135.27\u2009MPa and 4.73\u20135.48\u2009MPa,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Groups 2 and 4 exhibited predominantly cohesive failures (50%\u201380%), while Groups 1 and 3 showed adhesive failures (60%\u201390%). ICG\u2010CeO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs\u2010PDT demonstrates efficacy equivalent to conventional NaOCl\u2010EDTA irrigation for optimizing glass fiber post adhesion, outperforming KTP laser and saline protocols, warranting clinical evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.70132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:28:39Z","timestamp":1772994519000},"page":"1064-1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Indocyanine Green\u2010Loaded Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle\u2010Mediated Photodynamic Therapy and Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Laser as Post\u2010Space Disinfectant: Effects on Smear Layer Removal and Bond Strength"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Fahad","family":"Alkhudhairy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S42269\u2010024\u201001224\u2010Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33899\/rden.2020.165177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104615"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13121903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2025.113263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2280800019880691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202309_33757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.37.7.4331"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JEMT.24821"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10050551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"366","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Three Anti\u2010Oxidants vs NAOCL and EDTA: Used for Root Canal Irrigation in Smear Layer Removal\u2013Sem Study","volume":"7","author":"Bhargava K. 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