{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:14:16Z","timestamp":1788495256854,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microscopy Res &amp;amp; Technique"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to conduct a morphological observation of vessel elements from 10 Gentianaceae species collected on the Qinghai\u2013Xizang Plateau. We systematically compared vessel type, end\u2010wall and lateral\u2010wall characteristics, and vessel diameter to explore their adaptive relationship to the extreme plateau environment and the evolutionary trends of vessels. The results indicated that the vessel end walls of all 10 species featured simple perforation plates, while annular, spiral, and scalariform thickenings were observed on the lateral walls of all species, with scalariform vessels constituting the highest proportion in most. The vessel types were primarily annular, spiral, and scalariform; pitted vessels were found only in\n                    <jats:italic>Gentiana farreri<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>G. waltonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The vessel diameters were generally small (mostly &lt;\u200920\u2009\u03bcm). The vessel morphology exhibited significant adaptive characteristics to plateau adversities such as low temperature, drought, and intense radiation. Based on the analysis of vessel type, end wall features, and lateral wall characteristics, the vessels of\n                    <jats:italic>G. farreri<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>G. waltonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited the highest proportions of morphologically specialized types (pitted and scalariform vessels) according to the classical Bailey\u2010Frost sequence, whereas those of\n                    <jats:italic>G. aristata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>G. hexaphylla<\/jats:italic>\n                    were dominated by the more generalized annular and spiral types. This research provides new anatomical evidence for understanding the structural adaptation mechanisms of Gentianaceae plants in high\u2010altitude environments and offers a theoretical basis for the conservation and utilization of these plant resources.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.70179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:44:48Z","timestamp":1788493488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on Vessel Morphological Characteristics and Environmental Adaptability of 10 Gentianaceae Species From the Qinghai\u2013Xizang Plateau"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6282-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Luoyang Normal University  Luoyang Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Luoyang Normal University  Luoyang Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6064-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Luoyang Normal University  Luoyang Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Luoyang Normal University  Luoyang Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1953.tb06441.x","article-title":"Evolution of the Tracheary Tissue of Land Plants","volume":"40","author":"Bailey I. W.","year":"1953","journal-title":"American Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Vessel Characteristics and Their Plasticity in Three Desert Plants","volume":"30","author":"Ding J. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1002\/tax.12405","article-title":"Phylogenetic Relationships and Sectional Delineation Within Gentiana (Gentianaceae)","volume":"69","author":"Favre A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1086\/334128","article-title":"Specialization in Secondary Xylem of Dicotyledons. III. Specialization of Lateral Wall of Vessel Segment","volume":"91","author":"Frost F. H.","year":"1931","journal-title":"Botanical Gazette"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Investigation on Tibetan Medicinal Plant Resources of Gentiana in the Eastern Edge of Qinghai\u2010Tibet Plateau","volume":"24","author":"Gong H. D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Northern Horticulture"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"2574","article-title":"Research Advances in Morphology and Anatomy of Alpine Plants Growing in the Qinghai\u2010Tibet Plateau and Their Adaptations to Environments","volume":"27","author":"He T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ecologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"A Worldwide Monograph of Gentiana","author":"Ho T. N.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"A Worldwide Monograph of Swertia and Its Allies","author":"Ho T. N.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPCC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113391","article-title":"Genus Gentiana: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Molecular Mechanism","volume":"264","author":"Jiang M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"Alpine Plant Life: Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems","author":"K\u00f6rner C.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Li G. X.2014.\u201cComparative Study on Morphological Characteristics of Vessel Elements inRibesL.\u201dMaster's thesis Northeast Forestry University."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Research Advances in Vessels and Perforation Plates of Vascular Plants","volume":"25","author":"Li H. F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Botanica Boreali\u2010Occidentalia Sinica"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.5846\/stxb201112151922","article-title":"Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of the Plants of Grasslands in the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"33","author":"Li Q. F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Ecologica Sinica"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Comparative Study on Morphological Characteristics and Ecological Adaptability of Vessel Elements of Salix gordejevii and S. microstachya var. bordensis","volume":"36","author":"Liu G. Z.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Botanica Boreali\u2010Occidentalia Sinica"},{"issue":"5756","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120479","article-title":"Torus\u2010Margo Pits Help Conifers Compete With Angiosperms","volume":"310","author":"Pittermann J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2007.01765.x","article-title":"Safety and Efficiency Conflicts in Hydraulic Architecture: Scaling From Tissues to Trees","volume":"31","author":"Sperry J. S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant, Cell & Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History","author":"Struwe L.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"Research Progress on Taxonomy and Evolution of Gentianeae (Gentianaceae)","volume":"39","author":"Sun S. S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Botanica Boreali\u2010Occidentalia Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2025.108476","article-title":"Incomplete Lineage Sorting, Hybridization and Polyploidization Blurred Phylogenetic Relationships of Gentians From the Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau","volume":"214","author":"Sun S. S.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.40.060189.000315","article-title":"Vulnerability of Xylem to Cavitation and Embolism","volume":"40","author":"Tyree M. T.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Evolutional Structure Study of Vessel Element on Different Evolvement Type of Glycine","volume":"18","author":"Wang G. Q.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Science Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.17521\/cjpe.2020.0322","article-title":"Analyzing Leaf Anatomical Structure of Dominant Species Stipa purpurea Adapting to Alpine and Drought Environment at Qingzang Plateau","volume":"45","author":"Wu J. B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Stem and Leaf Anatomical Structure of Six Plants in Alpine Meadow of Tibetan Plateau","volume":"45","author":"Wu Z. H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Guizhou Agricultural Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Altitudinal Variations of Stem and Leaf Anatomical Structures in Juniperus tibetica","volume":"37","author":"Wu Z. J.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Responses of Root Vessel Anatomical Structure to Habitat Aridification in Two Kobresia Species From Alpine Meadows of Southeast Tibet","volume":"31","author":"Yang C. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Prataculturae Sinica"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"The Anatomy Observation of the Vessel Type of the Twelve Kinds of Plants in Rosaceae","volume":"20","author":"Yin X. L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"Zhang X. L.2008.\u201cStudy on Tracheary Elements of Key Groups in Basal Angiosperms.\u201dDoctoral dissertation Shaanxi Normal University."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"821","article-title":"Ecological Adaption Study on Anatomical Structure of Kobresia Leaf From East Qinghai\u2010Tibet Plateau","volume":"27","author":"Zhao Q. F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Guihaia"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Study of Tracheary Elements in Deparioideae (Athyriaceae) From China","volume":"25","author":"Zheng L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhi Wu Xue Tong Bao"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","first-page":"8268","article-title":"Structural Characteristics of Stem Vessels of \n                     Ziziphus jujuba\n                   var. spinosa in Response to Natural Gradient Arid Habitat","volume":"35","author":"Zhu G. L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shengtai Xuebao"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1139\/b78-274","article-title":"Hydraulic Architecture of Some Diffuse\u2010Porous Trees","volume":"56","author":"Zimmermann M. H.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Morphological Structure of Vessel Elements of Prunus L. From Northeast Area of China","volume":"41","author":"Zou Z. Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhi Wu Yan Jiu"}],"container-title":["Microscopy Research and Technique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.70179","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jemt.70179","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jemt.70179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:45:00Z","timestamp":1788493500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jemt.70179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jemt.70179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.70179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-910X","1097-0029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-910X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jemt.70179"}}