{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:52:43Z","timestamp":1792129963755,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tibial valgus osteotomy has shown to be a successful and cost\u2010effective procedure. The advent of image processing and three\u2010dimensional (3D) printing is an interesting tool for achieving more accurate and reproducible results. The aim of our study was to compare the accuracy of the conventional technique and the use of customized guides in the correction of tibial deformities in tibial varus patients, the surgical and clinical benefits, and the impact of treatment in the outpatient setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort of 30 patients who underwent tibial valgus osteotomy were selected and randomized into two groups (3D\u2010printed guidewires and conventional techniques). All patients underwent a complete radiological study to plan the surgical procedure. During the surgical procedure, the surgical time and X\u2010ray exposure were analysed. The following results were evaluated: surgical time and X\u2010ray exposure, the correlation between the planned correction and the correction obtained at 3 post\u2010operative months, pre\u2010 and post\u2010operative knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) value at 3 and 12 months, and differences between the two groups in terms of the correction obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiation exposure in the \u20183D\u2010guide\u2019 group was significantly different (8 [\u00b14.51], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), whereas surgical time was not significantly different between the control and guide 3D groups (60.69 [\u00b18.89] and 53.43 [\u00b111.69], respectively). At the 3\u2010month follow\u2010up, the post\u2010operative hip\u2013knee\u2013ankle and post\u2010operative mechanical\u2013proximal\u2013tibial angle were not significantly different (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). At 3\u2010 and 12\u2010month post\u2010surgery, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) did not significantly differ between the conventional technique and the 3D\u2010guide technique (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The KOOS at 3 months were 87.86 (\u00b15.64) for the control group and 88.46 (\u00b13.53) for the 3D\u2010guide group, while at 12 months they were 91.5 (\u00b15.72) for the control group and 88.57 (\u00b18.81) for the 3D\u2010guide group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Customized 3D\u2010printed guides do not permit better correction or functional results than the conventional technique; rather, they reduce surgical time and intraoperative radiation exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>II.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T02:59:35Z","timestamp":1737428375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["3D\u2010printed patient\u2010specific instrumentation and the freehand technique in high\u2010tibial osteotomy: A prospective cohort\u2010comparative study in an outpatient setting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Grillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Knee Unit, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli Orthopedic Department Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Knee Unit, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Pelfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Knee Unit, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Fillat\u2010Gom\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Knee Unit, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"},{"name":"3D Surgical Planning Lab, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnau Verdaguer","family":"Figuerola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Knee Unit, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Gil\u2010Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Knee Unit, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Pe\u00f1alver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Knee Unit, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7040-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Yela\u2010Verd\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Knee Unit, Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 I Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT\u2010CERCA) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona (UAB) Sabadell Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07288-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"2091","article-title":"[X\u2010ray classification and examination technics in gonarthrosis]","volume":"77","author":"Ahlb\u00e4ck S.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.25.BJO-2021-0007.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0889-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-019-04372-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07611-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12052475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2008.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07024-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Doyle D.J.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.12013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-023-05712-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000229362.12244.f6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2087-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2021.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-020-00224-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.2014.26.3.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01601-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4092-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03057-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934211049132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198909000-00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572412"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-04964-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-64"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870100-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-023-00647-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.16.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9246529"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Assessing lower limb alignment: comparison of standard knee xray vs long leg view","volume":"35","author":"Zampogna B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T19:24:21Z","timestamp":1760642661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jeo2.70088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jeo2.70088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jeo2.70088","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-1153","2197-1153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-1153","type":"print"},{"value":"2197-1153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70088"}}