{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:57:49Z","timestamp":1792022269259,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":75,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With advances in digital healthcare technologies, telerehabilitation has recently been utilized to deliver rehabilitation in real time following orthopaedic surgery; in this scenario, therapeutic exercise, robotic rehabilitation and virtual reality approaches might be tailored to the patient's needs by professionals, utilizing digital smart devices, in a videoconferencing\u2010based approach with a positive impact on the patients. There remains a relative paucity of high\u2010quality research evaluating the effectiveness of real\u2010time visual\u2010supervised telerehabilitation (RTVST) compared to outpatient rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the current literature. This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of RTVST after TKA in terms of outcomes and knee function using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) compared with outpatient or home\u2010based exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for English\u2010language RCTs published from 2015 to 2025. Of 577 studies identified, five RCTs were included after screening according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The included studies, conducted across various countries and utilizing diverse telerehabilitation models (e.g., videoconferencing and wearable sensors), consistently suggest that RTVST is a feasible, safe and often noninferior alternative to traditional rehabilitation, with some studies indicating superior or faster functional recovery in specific parameters. RTVST also offered potential benefits in cost\u2010effectiveness. However, limitations such as technological barriers for the elderly and an overall high risk of bias in the included studies were noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review demonstrated that RTVST provides comparable functional outcomes and patient\u2010reported improvements to conventional rehabilitation but highlighted the urgent need for further high\u2010quality research with larger sample sizes and standardized telerehabilitation protocols to clarify its precise role and optimize technological applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:41:24Z","timestamp":1781512884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of real\u2010time visual supervised telerehabilitation on functioning following knee arthroplasty compared with outpatient or home\u2010based exercise: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"de Sire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Prestifilippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erminia","family":"Cofano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Curci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences ASST Carlo Poma Mantova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8445-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaella","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Invernizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Eastern Piedmont \u2018A. 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