{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T15:03:26Z","timestamp":1775919806659,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":61,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated whether movement smoothness metrics can effectively distinguish between pathological and healthy upper limbs in patients with rotator cuff tears (RCT), and aimed to identify the most reliable metrics across time and frequency domains. It also investigated the task dependence of movement smoothness across different planes of arm elevation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010three patients with unilateral RCT performed bilateral synchronous arm elevation tasks in sagittal, scapular, and frontal planes. Movement smoothness was quantified using metrics such as log dimensionless squared jerk (LDSJ), mean arrest period ratio (MAPR) and spectral arc length (SPARC, SPAL), obtained using a 3D Optoelectronic motion capture system. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was used to assess the inter\u2010subject variability. Differences between limbs were tested with the Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test; task dependency was evaluated with the Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pathological limbs consistently showed lower smoothness than healthy ones across all planes, with SPAL, SPARC, DSJ and LDSJ significantly differentiating the two sides (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). SPARC and MAPR exhibited the lowest inter\u2010subject variability, supporting their validity. Smoothness was also task\u2010dependent, with frontal plane movements being significantly smoother than those in the sagittal or scapular planes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smoothness metrics can effectively differentiate pathological from healthy limb movements in patients with RCT, with variability across movement planes. Among the tested metrics, SPARC emerged as the most robust and consistent measure, supporting its use as a biomechanical biomarker for functional assessment and clinical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level II.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:45:35Z","timestamp":1772988335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Movement smoothness matters: The missing piece in the functional assessment of rotator cuff patients. Insights from a stereophotogrammetry experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7785-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letizia","family":"Mancini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico Roma Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3677-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"De Sanctis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico Roma Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Schena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico Roma Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"D'Hooghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fortius Clinic London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5541-8346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"de Sire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Graecia\u2019 Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealt@UMG University of Catanzaro \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5789-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3992-3489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ara","family":"Nazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4543-1149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4063-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umile Giuseppe","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio\u2010Medico Roma Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14020911"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2179545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0090-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2930-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00615"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517692543"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0215-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2610-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conservative versus surgical management for patients with rotator cuff tears: a systematic review and META\u2010analysis","volume":"22","author":"Longo UG","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251332964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00101-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_157_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00949-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5544"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.782740"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00712.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023531"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","article-title":"Measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics using an acromion marker cluster to minimize skin movement artifact","volume":"96","author":"Warner MB","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.042"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70580","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jeo2.70580","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70580","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T14:29:42Z","timestamp":1775917782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jeo2.70580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jeo2.70580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jeo2.70580","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-1153","2197-1153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-1153","type":"print"},{"value":"2197-1153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70580"}}