{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T15:03:40Z","timestamp":1775919820292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long\u2010term outcomes of palliative high tibial osteotomy (PO) remain insufficiently defined. This study compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of PO with those of corrective osteotomy (CO) in patients with varus knee deformity. Secondary aim was to evaluate arthroplasty\u2010free survival. It was hypothesized that PO and CO would yield comparable results and similar conversion rates to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent lateral closing wedge\u2010high tibial osteotomy (LCW\u2010HTO) between 2001 and 2017. Patients with extra\u2010articular varus deformity (hip\u2013knee\u2013ankle angle [HKA]\u2009&lt;\u2009177\u00b0, lateral distal femoral angle [LDFA]\u2009&gt;\u200990\u00b0 or medial proximal tibial angle [MPTA]\u2009&lt;\u200985\u00b0) were assigned to the CO group. Those with intra\u2010articular deformity and normal MPTA and LDFA were assigned to the PO group. Radiographic evaluation included HKA, MPTA, LDFA, joint line obliquity (JLO) and joint line convergence angle (JLCA). Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Tegner Activity Scale and Crosby\u2013Insall grading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty patients were included, 20 in each group. The mean age was 49\u2009\u00b1\u200911 years, and the mean follow\u2010up was 10.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 years. Preoperative HKA averaged 174\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3\u00b0 and improved to 179\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u00b0. Moreover, 25% of PO patients and 10% of CO patients postoperatively exceeded the JLO threshold of \u22644\u00b0. Both groups demonstrated significant clinical improvement, with no between\u2010group differences except for higher HSS scores in the PO group. Osteoarthritis (OA) progression was limited, and TKA conversions were infrequent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PO may represent an effective joint\u2010preserving option for intra\u2010articular varus deformity. Despite less optimal correction of JLO and JLCA, PO achieved clinical and radiological outcomes comparable to CO, with similarly low conversion rates to TKA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:57:04Z","timestamp":1772985424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Palliative high tibial osteotomy achieves comparable outcomes to corrective osteotomy in varus knees with medial compartment osteoarthritis: A long\u2010term clinical and radiological retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4464-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Maione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. 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I Clinica Ortopedica ASST Gaetano Pini\u2014CTO Milan Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2786-8099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. I Clinica Ortopedica ASST Gaetano Pini\u2014CTO Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4970-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Calanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. 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