{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T15:03:13Z","timestamp":1775919793223,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a machine learning model capable of predicting the bony risk of non\u2010contact anterior cruciate ligament injury, thereby enabling the identification of factors that contribute to such injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from 400 cases of non\u2010contact ACL\u2010injured and 200 ACL\u2010intact control subjects using Computed Tomography between March 2022 and June 2025. Thirteen features, encompassing demographic, clinical, and radiomic data, as well as six different algorithms, were utilised to develop predictive machine learning models. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis was subsequently performed on the optimal model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Maximum 2D Diameter Column values for the non\u2010contact ACL injury group and the intact ACL group were 31.12\u2009\u00b1\u20092.92\u2009mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.83\u201331.40,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and 32.37\u2009\u00b1\u20093.07\u2009mm (95% CI: 31.94\u201332.80,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The Extreme Gradient Boosting classifier was identified as the optimal predictive model, achieving an area under the precision\u2013recall curve of 0.94, the highest among all models evaluated. SHAP analysis revealed that the most predictive feature was the Maximum 2D Diameter Column of the notch, defined as the largest pairwise Euclidean distance between tumour surface mesh vertices in the row\u2010slice plane, followed by the lateral and medial posterior tibial slope.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The machine learning model developed in this study demonstrated excellent predictive performance for non\u2010contact ACL injuries. The Maximum 2D Diameter Column was the most important predictor, followed by the lateral and medial posterior tibial slope.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T07:31:22Z","timestamp":1768203082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The maximum 2D diameter column of the notch as the most important bone risk indicator compared with the posterior tibial slopes for ACL injury based on computed tomography: Analysis using machine learning approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1037-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Rothrauff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bosomtwe Kwabena","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damaris Topola","family":"Boko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiewen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangbo","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinshen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2038-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04367-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211023750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00535"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518819176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201009000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.11.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4625-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.04.098"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"917","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament injury: diagnosis, management, and prevention","volume":"82","author":"Cimino F","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519848424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06122-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115597882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015151169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2021.1910448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211015940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-05965-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Supervised machine learning: a review of classification techniques","volume":"160","author":"Kotsiantis SB","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Emerging Artificial Intelligence Applications in Computer Engineering: Real Word AI Systems with Applications in eHealth, HCI, Information Retrieval and Pervasive Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516657525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"4765","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume":"30","author":"Lundberg S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01082-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200005000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3414\/ME13-01-0122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8010024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.247207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-50.10.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738111428281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08923-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1135-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"e17","article-title":"Intercondylar notch size can be predicted on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"2","author":"Vaswani R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthrosc \u2010 J Arthrosc Relat Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513503288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300050501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3382-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.08.031"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70630","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jeo2.70630","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T14:29:22Z","timestamp":1775917762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jeo2.70630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jeo2.70630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jeo2.70630","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-1153","2197-1153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-1153","type":"print"},{"value":"2197-1153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70630"}}