{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:33:38Z","timestamp":1792510418590,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim was to compare return to sport (RTS) outcomes following inverted V\u2010shaped high tibial osteotomy (IV\u2010HTO) versus medial opening\u2010wedge (OW)\u2010HTO for medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). The secondary aim was to compare patient\u2010reported outcomes and radiographic parameters between the procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent HTO for medial knee OA between 2017 and 2022. Inclusion criteria were preoperative sports participation and 2\u2010year follow\u2010up. Patients were allocated to IV\u2010HTO (IV group) or OW\u2010HTO (OW group) according to indications based on the planned correction angle and patellofemoral OA grade. Outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 2 years. Between\u2010group comparisons used appropriate parametric\/nonparametric tests, with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 107 patients were analysed (IV group: 54 patients; OW group: 53 patients). Mean age was 58.4 years, body mass index (BMI) 25.6\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and follow\u2010up 29.5 months. Preoperative femorotibial and patellofemoral Kellgren\u2013Lawrence grades and varus deformity (% mechanical axis) were more severe in the IV group (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). RTS rates were 91% (49\/54) in the IV group and 91% (48\/53) in the OW group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.975), with mean time to RTS of 8.4 and 8.8 months, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.523). Lysholm score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) improved significantly in both groups (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with similar minimal clinically important difference (MCID) responder rates. From preoperative to postoperative assessments, OW\u2010HTO increased posterior tibial slope (9.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u00b0 to 10.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whole leg length (800\u2009\u00b1\u200959 to 808\u2009\u00b1\u200959\u2009mm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and decreased the Caton\u2013Deschamps ratio (1.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13 to 0.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas IV\u2010HTO showed no significant changes (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IV\u2010HTO achieved RTS and patient\u2010reported outcomes comparable to OW\u2010HTO at 2 years in patients with more severe preoperative disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, retrospective comparative study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:39:36Z","timestamp":1772959176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Return to sport outcomes after inverted V\u2010shaped (IV) high tibial osteotomy were comparable to those after medial opening\u2010wedge high tibial osteotomy, even though the IV cohort had more severe preoperative disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8955-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taku","family":"Ebata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sports Medicine Hokkaido University Hospital Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Yabuuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yagi Orthopaedic Hospital Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Functional Reconstruction for the Knee Joint, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dai","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatake","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Onodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yagi Orthopaedic Hospital Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yagi Orthopaedic Hospital Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norimasa","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Hokkaido Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2122-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B10.17532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Patella infera. Apropos of 128 cases","volume":"68","author":"Caton J","year":"1982","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2701-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503258880"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0726-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/101.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211002537"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06026-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2024.103229"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-05967-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221118836"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221104708"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290030901"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519881638"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05575-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2019.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658201000306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-021-00385-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.210015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456070-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","article-title":"High tibial osteotomy for varus deformity of the knee","volume":"5","author":"Murray R","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199609000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0112-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-021-06621-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199910000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-012-0274-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2681-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02718-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43019-024-00214-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508325666"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2435-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.1110.BJR-2022-0039.R1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90222-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0297-9"},{"issue":"198","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries","author":"Tegner Y","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00132585-199600430-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2022.21046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231178292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220728"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231200227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251369002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2020.05.008"},{"issue":"282","key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"A ten\u2010 to 15\u2010year follow\u2010up observation of high tibial osteotomy in medial compartment osteoarthrosis","author":"Yasuda K","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70667","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jeo2.70667","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T14:30:49Z","timestamp":1775917849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jeo2.70667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jeo2.70667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jeo2.70667","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-1153","2197-1153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-1153","type":"print"},{"value":"2197-1153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70667"}}