{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:13:30Z","timestamp":1791324810828,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the growing popularity and professionalisation of eSports, concerns regarding the physical condition of professional e\u2010athletes are becoming the focus of attention. The potential effects of prolonged sitting and repetitive movements on the musculoskeletal system have not been fully researched. The aim of this review is to summarise the current scientific evidence on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in professional eSports players and possible preventative measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was conducted following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses guidelines. All studies published from 2005 onwards investigating musculoskeletal disorders in professional e\u2010athletes were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) adapted for cross\u2010sectional studies and case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten studies with a total of 789 e\u2010athletes met the inclusion criteria. Musculoskeletal disorders were highly prevalent, ranging from 26.8% to 86.2%. Commonly affected body regions included the lower back (4.7%\u201363.8%), shoulders (2.7%\u201359%), neck (11.3%\u201350%) and wrists (8%\u201344.8%). Eye fatigue was also reported (32.5%\u201392%). A significant association was found between longer training durations, inadequate ergonomic setup (e.g., absence of armrests) and the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Only a small proportion of e\u2010athletes sought medical consultation. The methodological quality of the included studies was moderate, with the majority employing a cross\u2010sectional design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Musculoskeletal disorders, frequently observed among e\u2010athletes, substantially impair performance. Current data emphasises the importance of preventive measures: ergonomic gaming stations, physical training and regular medical check\u2010ups. Further high\u2010quality prospective studies with large sample sizes and control groups are necessary to identify causal relationships and address them in clinical setup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, systematic review of predominantly cross\u2010sectional studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T14:26:41Z","timestamp":1779719201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Musculoskeletal disorders in eSports athletes: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2991-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludwig","family":"Schlesiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Diako Hospital Bremen Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5472-3365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Oronowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Malteser St. Mary's Hospital Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6349-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Lutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3942-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Tischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Malteser St. Mary's Hospital Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8806-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Seil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopaedics Sports Medicine and Science (LIROMS) Luxembourg City Luxembourg"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg \u2013 Clinique d'Eich Luxembourg City Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Jasina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Polyclinic for Orthopaedics Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/mp.5893.01421"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/pcssr-2024-0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12662-018-0532-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31487"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeaneS KhumanA. 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