{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:01:56Z","timestamp":1789844516589,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To track the 24\u2010month longitudinal changes in tibiofemoral alignment characterised by passive anterior tibial subluxation (PATS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to investigate associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Fifty\u2010one patients who underwent primary ACLR using hamstring tendon autografts between March 2021 and February 2022 were enrolled. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations were performed at baseline (within 3 days preoperatively) and at 6\u2010, 12\u2010 and 24\u2010month follow\u2010ups to examine the graft integrity and tibiofemoral alignment. Lateral PATS (L\u2010PATS), medial PATS (M\u2010PATS), global PATS (G\u2010PATS) and rotational PATS (R\u2010PATS) were measured on serial MRI. The repeated\u2010measures one\u2010way analysis of variance was applied to test the longitudinal changes in PATS. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify associations between preoperative and postoperative PATS, adjusting for a priori\u2010defined covariates including time from injury to surgery, tibial slopes, meniscal injuries and anterolateral ligament (ALL) abnormality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The graft integrity was clinically and radiographically confirmed in all patients at the 24\u2010month follow\u2010up. However, serial MRI revealed significant increases in L\u2010PATS, M\u2010PATS and G\u2010PATS (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) following the primary ACLR. The increases in L\u2010PATS (1.5\u2009mm, 95%CI [0.6,2.5],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), M\u2010PATS (1.2\u2009mm, 95%CI [0.5,1.9],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and G\u2010PATS (1.4\u2009mm, 95%CI [0.6,2.1],\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) from baseline became the most prominent at 12 months and remained stable thereafter. Strong correlations were identified between preoperative and 24\u2010month postoperative values for L\u2010PATS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.60,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), M\u2010PATS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.43,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), G\u2010PATS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.48,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and R\u2010PATS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.70,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). ALL abnormality was associated with increased L\u2010PATS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.85,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.008) and G\u2010PATS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.31,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.009), while medial meniscal injury was associated with increased M\u2010PATS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.12,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.036) and G\u2010PATS (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.96,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.048) measured at 24 months postoperatively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Residual tibiofemoral malalignment characterised by increased L\u2010PATS, M\u2010PATS and G\u2010PATS persists following ACLR using hamstring tendon autografts. Excessive preoperative PATS, ALL abnormality and medial meniscal injury are associated with increased postoperative PATS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n Level IV.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T14:36:42Z","timestamp":1779719802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Residual passive anterior tibial subluxation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts: A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study with a minimum 2\u2010year follow\u2010up"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yi\u2010tian","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Translation for Drugs and Medical Devices in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Sports Injuries Beijing China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3056-0937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010li","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Translation for Drugs and Medical Devices in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Sports Injuries Beijing China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi\u2010yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Translation for Drugs and Medical Devices in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Sports Injuries Beijing China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1604-3120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010bin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University Beijing 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