{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:02:08Z","timestamp":1789844528149,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":83,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate histomorphological changes associated with residual foreign material in failed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) autografts. We hypothesised that retained suture material is associated with histopathological regression phenomena in ligamentous and osseous compartments following ACL reconstruction failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective study, 43 consecutive patients (mean age 29.7\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0 years; 20.9% female) undergoing revision surgery after failed autologous ACL reconstruction were included and analysed. A total of 76 bone\u2010graft specimens were obtained by over\u2010reaming femoral and tibial drill tunnels to retrieve the periarticular tunnel segment. Specimens were processed using Hematoxylin\u2013Eosin, Masson\u2013Goldner and Elastika\u2013van Gieson staining. Morphological alterations related to foreign material were assessed qualitatively and semi\u2010quantitatively using a four\u2010point grading system under light microscopy. Evaluations were performed independently by two observers (a pathology professor and a trained investigator), with consensus in case of disagreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foreign material residues were identified in 92.6% of specimens. Polarised light microscopy revealed birefringent suture remnants frequently associated with histiocytic inflammatory reactions and multinucleated giant cells. Observed regression phenomena included inflammatory reactions (IR), capillary proliferation (CP), osteonecrosis (ON), fissural splitting (FS) and intraligamentous cyst formation. Severe tissue destruction of the autograft or bony compartment was present in approximately 20% of femoral and tibial samples. Descriptive contingency analysis indicated that regression phenomena predominantly occurred in association with adjacent foreign body reactions, whereas isolated regression changes without detectable foreign material were rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residual suture material in failed ACL reconstructions is frequently associated with inflammatory and degenerative histomorphological changes in both tendon graft and bone tunnel compartments. Although causality cannot be established, these findings suggest that foreign body reactions may contribute to local tissue degradation. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical and biomechanical relevance of these observations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:37:39Z","timestamp":1782214659000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Suture residues are associated with histomorphological changes in failed anterior cruciate ligament hamstring autografts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4431-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen F.","family":"Siemoneit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center Witten\/Herdecke University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5274-1905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Bosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Klinikum Stuttgart University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9088-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen T.","family":"Ubl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center Witten\/Herdecke University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3397-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center Witten\/Herdecke University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8701-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius M.","family":"Wehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center Witten\/Herdecke University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5048-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertil","family":"Bouillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center Witten\/Herdecke University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9795-0763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maiti","family":"M\u00fcnchgesang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center Witten\/Herdecke University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0492-6949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center Witten\/Herdecke University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05984-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23320885.2023.2222807"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-222854"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(00)90134-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2024.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.50270"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03034-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-017-5379-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10157"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2014.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70545"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510378645"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.09.2008.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(00)90055-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70811","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jeo2.70811","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeo2.70811","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:15:08Z","timestamp":1789841708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jeo2.70811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jeo2.70811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jeo2.70811","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2197-1153","2197-1153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2197-1153","type":"print"},{"value":"2197-1153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70811"}}