{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:51:35Z","timestamp":1792083095322,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":85,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esskajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. exp. orthop."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to identify potential biomarkers of pre\u2010arthritic condition and early osteoarthritis (OA) in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), by analysing clinical data and quantifying inflammatory molecules, typically involved in OA pathology, in body fluids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FAI patients undergoing hip arthroscopy were enroled after providing written informed consent. Demographic data (age, sex, body mass index [BMI]) were collected, together with radiographic grading of hip degeneration (T\u00f6nnis scale) and intra\u2010articular pathology grading (Outerbridge classification). Cartilage degradation markers and immunomodulating molecules were quantified by commercially available sandwich\u2010enzyme\u2010linked assay and multiplex bead\u2010based sandwich immunoassay kits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010nine patients were enroled, 38 synovial fluids (SFs) and urine samples were available. Median age 32 years\u2009\u00b1\u20098.35 standard deviation (SD); median BMI 24\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009\u00b1\u20094.89\u2009SD. Higher BMI corresponded to acetabular chondropathy and was associated with increased C\u2010telopeptide fragments of Type II collagen (CTX\u2010II) release in both SFs and urine. Radiological and intra\u2010operative scores showed moderate\u2010to\u2010strong positive correlation with synovial CTX\u2010II and slight\u2010to\u2010strong positive correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). CTX\u2010II and Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) in SFs were positively correlated, showing a high\u2010to\u2010moderate positive correlation with VEGF. VEGF demonstrated a high\u2010to\u2010moderate positive correlation with interleukin (IL)\u20106 and IL\u20108. IL1\u2010\u03b2 correlates moderately positively with IL\u20108, MIP\u20103\u03b2 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, which in turn is linked to the release of 6kine, MIP\u20103\u03b2 and RANTES. Except for IL\u20108, all chemokines showed a similar release pattern, suggesting a synergistic and continuous inflammatory mechanism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A higher BMI was associated with increased CTX\u2010II in both body fluids, suggesting a potential link between metabolic status and early cartilage degradation in FAI patients. Radiographic and intraoperative indicators of joint degeneration were also associated with selected synovial biomarkers (CTX\u2010II, VEGF, IL\u20106, IL\u20108). These findings suggest that synovial and urinary biomarkers may represent candidate markers of early joint degeneration in FAI, useful for clinical evaluation of FAI patients at risk of progression toward OA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, case series with no comparison group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo2.70923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:16:11Z","timestamp":1790259371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre\u2010operative radiological grading and inflammatory mediators as candidate biomarkers of early joint degeneration in patients with femoroacetabular impingement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6726-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Olivotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RAMSES Laboratory, Research Centre Codivilla\u2010Putti, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3365-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Bubbico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic\u2010Traumatology and Prosthetic Surgery and Revisions of Hip and Knee, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5719-4617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Bucciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento Trento Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7042-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Burla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences\u2014DIBINEM Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8990-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Tampieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences\u2014DIBINEM Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2761-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Borciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAMSES Laboratory, 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