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Therefore, the dissolved P would be vulnerable to subsurface flow and could contaminate nearby streams. It was hypothesized that single rainfall events could cause subsurface P concentrations to increase via reductive dissolution in wet winter\u2010spring conditions. Also, dissolution\u2014being microbially mediated\u2014would be buffered by the presence of nitrate (NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>), which is preferred as an electron acceptor over Fe and Mn in microbial reactions. Unsaturated zone monitoring occurred from May to September in 2017 and 2019, using Teflon suction cups below the surface of a grassland soil in New Zealand. Events in July and August in 2017 and 2019 resulted in reducing conditions [Fe(III)\/sulfate\u2010reducing] and up to 77 and 96% greater P and Fe release, respectively. In an additional experiment in 2019, 100 mm of flood irrigation was applied, and 10\u00a0mg NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\u2013N + carbon was injected into half the cups at the site. The other cups received no N. Cups treated with N yielded up to 45% total dissolved P and 21% less Fe than the no\u2010N cups. A laboratory incubation of soils from the site confirmed that NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup> inhibited P release. This effect may act to decrease the amount of P lost in subsurface flow in systems regularly fertilized with N but should not be relied on as a method to mitigate P losses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T03:27:15Z","timestamp":1624332435000},"page":"1207-1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Reductive dissolution of phosphorus associated with iron\u2010oxides during saturation in agricultural soil profiles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genevieve J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln Univ.  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