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They do not easily degrade, and some are known to pose serious ecological and human health concerns at trace concentrations (ng L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    levels). Per\u2010 and polyfluoroalkyl substances persist in treated wastewater and are inadvertently introduced into the environment when treated wastewater is reused as an irrigation source. The Pennsylvania State University (PSU) has been spray\u2010irrigating its wastewater at a 2.45 km\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    mixed\u2010use agricultural and forested site known as the \u201cLiving Filter\u201d since the 1960s. To understand the spatiotemporal patterns of 20 PFAS at the Living Filter, water samples were collected bimonthly from fall 2019 through winter 2021 from the PSU's wastewater effluent and from each of the site's 13 monitoring wells. Crop tissue was collected at the time of harvest to assess PFAS presence in corn silage and tall fescue grown at the study site. Total measured PFAS concentrations in the monitoring wells ranged from nondectable to 155\u00a0ng L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , with concentrations increasing with the direction of groundwater flow. Concentrations within each well exhibited little temporal variability across sampling events, with mixed relationships between PFAS and groundwater elevation observed between wells. Further, &gt;84% of the PFAS present in livestock feed crops were short\u2010chain compounds, with PFAS consumed annually by livestock fed crops harvested from the site estimated to be 2.46\u20137.67\u00a0mg animal\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    yr\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . This research provides insight into the potential impacts of long\u2010term beneficial reuse of treated wastewater on groundwater and crop tissue quality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T15:43:30Z","timestamp":1662565410000},"page":"1282-1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Spatiotemporal patterns of PFAS in water and crop tissue at a beneficial wastewater reuse site in central Pennsylvania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Mroczko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Pennsylvania State Univ.  University Park PA 16802 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2145-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather E.","family":"Preisendanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Pennsylvania State Univ.  University Park PA 16802 USA"},{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Science The Pennsylvania State Univ.  University Park PA 16802 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Pennsylvania State Univ.  University Park PA 16802 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Mashtare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Pennsylvania State Univ.  University Park PA 16802 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herschel A.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering The Pennsylvania State Univ.  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