{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:52:06Z","timestamp":1770742326284,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deicing salt is an important component of road safety during winter storms. Stormwater infiltration best management practices aim to prevent the salt from polluting streams and waterways, but this may shift pollutants to groundwater resources. In response to limited field studies investigating groundwater quality impacts caused by input of salt from stormwater infiltration best management practices, we monitored water levels and quality of groundwater at various depths in an unconfined aquifer around a stormwater infiltration basin using in situ sensors coupled with grab sampling. Our observations revealed differences in groundwater chemistry with depth in the aquifer and processes that were driven by the seasonal changes in the chemistry of stormwater (salt\u2010impacted in winter and fresh in non\u2010winter) recharging the aquifer. Water\u2013matrix interactions in the vadose zone beneath the basin affected the transport of sodium (Na) into groundwater following non\u2010winter recharge. Sodium movement through the aquifer was delayed relative to chloride (Cl), indicating a longer residence time of Na in the vadose zone. Radium (Ra) concentrations were correlated with Cl concentrations, suggesting salt\u2010impacted recharge caused desorption of Ra into groundwater because of increased salinity. Stormwater\u2010influenced groundwater followed a preferential flow path due to heterogeneity of the aquifer materials, and water chemistry varied with time and location along the flow path. These results highlight the importance of well screen length, placement and depth, and frequency of observations when designing a monitoring network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T06:24:24Z","timestamp":1665469464000},"page":"1198-1210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Stormwater drives seasonal geochemical processes beneath an infiltration basin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"McQuiggan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Delaware Geological Survey Univ. of Delaware  Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Scott","family":"Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delaware Geological Survey Univ. of Delaware  Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreanna","family":"Roros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Earth Sciences Univ. of Delaware  Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil C.","family":"Sturchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. of Earth Sciences Univ. of Delaware  Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00028a006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gwat.12653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Andres A. S. He C. &McKenna T. E.(2018b).Groundwater monitoring procedures part 1: Equipment and procedures for manual and automated field measurement of groundwater levels in dedicated monitoring wells(Delaware Geological Survey Open\u2010File Report no. 51).https:\/\/www.dgs.udel.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/files\/publication\/OFR51_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Andres A. S. &McQuiggan R.(2019).Challenges of characterizing impacts of de\u2010icing salt in a heterogeneous aquifer(Abstract #H23L\u20102060). 2019 AGU Annual Meeting San Francisco CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2011.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Bachman L. J. &Ferrari M. J.(1995).Quality and geochemistry of ground water in southern New Castle County Delaware(Delaware Geological Survey Report of Investigations no. 52).https:\/\/www.dgs.udel.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/ri52e.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"The influence of stormwater management practices and wastewater infiltration on groundwater quality: Case studies","author":"Beak D.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2019.00117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20106584.2005.00126.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010021\u201000713\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Bolton D. W.(2000).Occurrence and distribution of radium gross alpha\u2010particle activity and gross beta\u2010particle activity in ground water in the Magothy formation and Potomac group aquifers upper Chesapeake Bay Area Maryland(Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations no. 70).http:\/\/www.mgs.md.gov\/reports\/RI_70.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/WR012i003p00423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"The influence of green infrastructure practices on groundwater quality: The state of the science","author":"Brumley J.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482229370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carleton G. B.(2010).Simulation of groundwater mounding beneath hypothetical stormwater infiltration basins(USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2010\u20105102).USGS.","DOI":"10.3133\/sir20105102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2012.0319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20106584.1996.tb01886.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.133.3465.1702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1899\/09\u2010052.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2153\u20103490.1964.tb00181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Delaware Environmental Observation System (DEOS). (2020).Delaware Environmental Observations System: Data service website.http:\/\/www.deos.udel.edu\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Drummond D. D.(1998).Hydrogeology simulation of ground\u2010water flow and ground\u2010water quality of the upper coastal plain aquifers in Kent County Maryland(Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations no. 68).http:\/\/www.mgs.md.gov\/reports\/RI_68.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733\u20109372(2003)129:5(464)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2005.0144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/abe48f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Mobilization of major and trace constituents of highway runoff in groundwater potentially caused by deicing chemical migration","volume":"1483","author":"Granato G. E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Herb W. Janke B. &Heinz S.(2017).Study of de\u2010icing salt accumulation and transport through a watershed(Minnesota Department of Transportation Final Report 2017\u201050 MN\/RC 2017\u201050).http:\/\/mndot.gov\/research\/reports\/2017\/201750.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Groundwater contamination due to road de\u2010icing chemicals: Salt balance implications","volume":"20","author":"Howard K. W. F.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Geoscience Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018RG000627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gwmr.12478"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533\u2010021\u201000784\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2017.03.0124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gseegeosci.18.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/WR018i006p01663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.13893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Landon M. K. Clark B. R. McMahon P. B. McGuire V. L. &Turco M. J.(2008).Hydrogeology chemical characteristics and transport processes in the zone of contribution of a public\u2010supply well in York Nebraska(USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2008\u20105050).USGS.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/sir20085050","DOI":"10.3133\/sir20085050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.1c00307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016\u20107037(99)00373\u20107"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_10_43_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masterson J. P. Pope J. P. Monti J. Jr. Nardi M. R. Finkelstein J. S. &McCoy K. J.(2015).Hydrogeology and hydrologic conditions of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island New York to North Carolina(version 1.1 September 2015","DOI":"10.3133\/pp1829"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_10_43_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scientific Investigations Report 2013\u20105133.USGS.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/sir20135133","DOI":"10.3133\/sir20135133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270\u2010016\u20103227\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","unstructured":"McQuiggan R. W. &Andres A. S.(2021).Final contract report project letter 19A00545: FY 21 Groundwater Quality Monitoring Task(Final Contract Report to Delaware Department of Transportation). Delaware Geological Survey."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.13697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","unstructured":"National Centers of Environmental Information (NCEI). (n.d.).U.S. climate normals quick access.https:\/\/www.ncei.noaa.gov\/access\/us\u2010climate\u2010normals\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","volume-title":"Road deicing salt impacts on urban water quality","author":"Novotny E. V.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20106584.2005.00127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1462\u20100758(99)00014\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","unstructured":"Ramsey K. W.(2005).Geologic Map of New Castle County Delaware(Delaware Geological Survey Geologic Map No. 13; GM13).Delaware Geological Survey.https:\/\/www.dgs.udel.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/geomap13.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.04.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.05.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270\u2010017\u20103455\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","volume-title":"Town of Bowers Beach water\u2010quality assessment, Kent County, Delaware","author":"Strohmeier S.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100400050177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","unstructured":"Stuyfzand P. J.(2008 23\u201327 June).Base exchange indices as indicators of salinization or freshening of (coastal) aquifers[Paper presentation]. 20th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting Naples FL."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2012.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szabo Z. dePaul V. T. Kraemer T. F. &Parsa B.(2005).Occurrence of radium\u2010224 radium\u2010226 and radium\u2010228 in water of the unconfined Kirkwood\u2010Cohansey aquifer system southern New Jersey(U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004\u20105224).USGS.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/sir20045224","DOI":"10.3133\/sir20045224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szabo Z. Rice D. MacLeod C. &Barringer T.(1997).Relation of distribution of radium nitrate and pesticides to agricultural land use and depth Kirkwood\u2010Cohansey aquifer system New Jersey Coastal Plain 1990\u201391.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/wri964165A","DOI":"10.3133\/wri964165A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","unstructured":"USEPA. (2000).National primary drinking water regulations; Radionuclides; Final rule(FR 76708\u201076753).USEPA Office of Water."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","unstructured":"Wilde F. D.(1994).Geochemistry and factors affecting ground\u2010water quality at three storm\u2010water\u2010management sites in Maryland(Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations no. 59).http:\/\/www.mgs.md.gov\/output\/reports\/RI\/RI_59.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","unstructured":"Woodruff K. D.(1992).Geohydrology of the Middletown\u2013Odessa area Delaware(Hydrologic Map HM8).Delaware Geological Survey.https:\/\/www.dgs.udel.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/hydromap8\u20101.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","unstructured":"Woodruff K. D. Ramsey K. W. &Talley J. H.(1992).Radon potential of the Glauconitic sediments in the Coastal Plain of northern Delaware(Delaware Geological (Survey final report to Delaware Department of Health and Social Services Division of Public Health Health Systems Protection Radiation Control Contract no. 92\u2010105).Delaware Geological Survey."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeq2.20416","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jeq2.20416","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jeq2.20416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T15:58:55Z","timestamp":1760630335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jeq2.20416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jeq2.20416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jeq2.20416","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2425","1537-2537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2425","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}