{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:21:34Z","timestamp":1760660494941,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Env Quality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of the phenoxy herbicide 2,4\u2010dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4\u2010D) has been steadily increasing in recent years due to its selectivity against broad\u2010leafed weeds and use on genetically modified crops resistant to 2,4\u2010D. This increases the likelihood of 2,4\u2010D persisting in agriculturally impacted soils, sediments, and aquatic systems. Aerobic microorganisms are capable of degrading 2,4\u2010D enzymatically. Anaerobic degradation also occurs, though the enzymatic pathway is unclear. Iron\u2010reducing bacteria (FeRB) have been hypothesized to augment anaerobic degradation through the production of a chemically reactive Fe(II) adsorbed to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. To test whether this iron species can catalyze abiotic degradation of 2,4\u2010D, an enrichment culture (BLA1) containing a photosynthetic Fe(II)\u2010oxidizing bacterium (FeOB) \"<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\u00a0Chlorobium masyuteum\" and the FeRB \"<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\u00a0Pseudopelobacter ferreus\", both of which lacked known 2,4\u2010D degradation genes was investigated. BLA1 produces Fe(II)\u2010adsorbed to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides during alternating photoautotrophic iron oxidation and dark iron reduction (amended with acetate) cycles. No 2,4\u2010D degradation occurred during iron oxidation by\u00a0FeOB <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0C. masyuteum or during iron reduction by FeRB <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0P. ferreus under any incubation conditions tested (i.e., +\/\u2212Fe(II), +\/\u2212cells, and +\/\u2212light), or due to the presence of Fe(II) adsorbed to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. Our results cast doubt on the hypothesis that the mineral\u2010bound Fe(II) species augments the anaerobic degradation of 2,4\u2010D in anoxic soils and waters by iron\u2010cycling bacteria, and further justify the need to identify the genetic underpinnings of anaerobic 2,4\u2010D degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T03:58:30Z","timestamp":1694318310000},"page":"1092-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insights on biotic and abiotic 2,4\u2010dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation by anaerobic iron\u2010cycling bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5271-5399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zackry","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National\u2010Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro\u2010environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco\u2010environmental and Soil Sciences Guangdong Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth D.","family":"Swanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es4043275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532\u2010021\u201009940\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.12.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf204134w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368\u2010013\u20100814\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00182810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043174500039965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532\u2010015\u20109724\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.0099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.58.4.641-685.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.7.2083\u20102086.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Gervais J. 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