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Soil amendments effectively reduce P losses from soils by converting P to less soluble forms; however, changes in P speciation in cold climatic regions with fall\u2010applied amendments have not been investigated. This study evaluated P composition in soils from a manured field with fall\u2010amended alum (Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u00b718H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O), gypsum (CaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u00b72H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O), or Epsom salt (MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u00b77H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) using three complementary methods: sequential P fractionation, scanning electron microscopy with energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010rays (SEM\u2010EDX) spectroscopy, and P K\u2010edge X\u2010ray absorption near\u2010edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). Plots were established in an annual crop field in southern Manitoba, Canada, with unamended and amended (2.5 Mg ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) treatments having four replicates in 2020 fall. Soil samples (0\u201310\u00a0cm) taken from each plot soon after spring snowmelt in 2021 were subjected to P fractionation. A composite soil sample for each treatment was analyzed using SEM\u2010EDX and XANES. Alum\u2010 and Epsom salt\u2010treated soils had significantly greater residual P fraction with a higher proportion of apatite\u2010like P and a correspondingly lower proportion of P sorbed to calcite (CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) than unamended and gypsum\u2010amended soils. Backscattered electron imaging of SEM\u2010EDX revealed that alum\u2010 and Epsom salt\u2010amended treatments had P\u2010enriched microsites frequently associated with aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), which was not observed in other treatments. Induced precipitation of apatite\u2010like species may have been responsible for reduced P loss to snowmelt previously reported with fall application of amendments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T23:09:25Z","timestamp":1709852965000},"page":"314-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phosphorus fractions and speciation in an alkaline, manured soil amended with alum, gypsum, and Epsom salt"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-0667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darshani","family":"Kumaragamage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences The University of Winnipeg  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"},{"name":"Department of Agronomy Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas 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